@article{0f236f08612246629c7d36f74d51f5f7,
title = "Validation of the Champion Health Belief Model Scale for an investigation of breast cancer screening behaviour in Malaysia",
abstract = "Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women globally, including in Malaysia. There is a need to assess women{\textquoteright}s beliefs about BC and screening in different cultural settings. This study aimed to translate and validate an adapted version of the United States (US) Champion Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS) for an investigation of predictors of BC screening in Malaysia. The CHBMS was adapted, and forward and backward translated into the Malay language. The validity and reliability of the CHBMS-BC-M (M for Malay language) was investigated in a community sample of 251 multi-ethnic Malay-speaking women. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation indicated that the structure of the adapted CHBMS-BC-M comprised three subscales with 21 items, and an Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI) of 0.83 and above for all items. The explanatory factor analysis (EFA) showed acceptable to high factor loadings on items. Cronbach{\textquoteright}s alpha for the subscales ranged from 0.59 to 0.87. The reproducibility of the scale was fair to high, with an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.53 to 0.80 for the subscales. Overall, the analysis indicated that the translated CHBMS-BC-M is a valid and reliable scale to measure beliefs about BC and screening in the Malay-speaking ethnic population of Malaysia.",
keywords = "Breast cancer, Champion Health Belief Model Scale, Health beliefs, Malaysia, Mammogram, Reliability, Translation, Validity",
author = "Htay, {Mila Nu Nu} and D{\'e}sir{\'e}e Schliemann and Maznah Dahlui and Cardwell, {Christopher R.} and Loh, {Siew Yim} and Tamin, {Nor Saleha Binti Ibrahim} and Saunthari Somasundaram and Victoria Champion and Michael Donnelly and Su, {Tin Tin}",
note = "Funding Information: Author Contributions: M.D. (Michael Donnelly) and T.T.S. conceptualised and planned the project and are the Co-PIs of the successful grant award from UK MRC-Newton Ungku Omar Fund. M.N.N.H., D.S., T.T.S., S.Y.L., M.D. (Maznah Dahlui), N.S.B.I.T. and S.S. planned and coordinated the study and data collection. M.N.N.H. and C.R.C. conducted the statistical analysis. M.N.N.H. drafted the manuscript. T.T.S., M.D. (Michael Donnelly), D.S. and V.C. led the editing and refinement of the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding Information: This work was supported by the Medical Research Council UK?Newton Fund (MR/P013910/1). M.D. (Michael Donnelly) and D.S. were part funded by the Medical Research Council UKRI GCRF (MR/S014349/1) during the analysis and writing of this paper.We would like to express our gratitude to Adinegara Bin Lutfi Abas, the Dean of Faculty of Medicine (Melaka-Manipal Medical College), Noorliza Mastura Ismail, Soe Moe and K. Narayanasamy for the support to this project and all participants for participating in the study. Funding Information: Funding: This work was supported by the Medical Research Council UK—Newton Fund (MR/P013910/1). M.D. (Michael Donnelly) and D.S. were part funded by the Medical Research Council UKRI GCRF (MR/S014349/1) during the analysis and writing of this paper. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",
year = "2021",
month = sep,
day = "1",
doi = "10.3390/ijerph18179311",
language = "English",
volume = "18",
journal = "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health",
issn = "1661-7827",
publisher = "MDPI AG",
number = "17",
}
