@article{295e26ff3e71483b8c7b6d7ef605a9e3,
title = "Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT): Update on diagnosis and management considering different resources",
abstract = "Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare but severe immunological reaction to the non-replicable adenoviral vector-based COVID-19 vaccines. Extreme activation of platelets and the coagulation system leads to a high risk of death from venous or arterial thrombosis or secondary hemorrhage. Public and clinician awareness has reduced mortality of VITT by nearly 90%. The World Health Organization provided a guideline in July 2021 on diagnosis and management of VITT (also called thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome, or TTS). Since July 2021, new, clinically relevant information has become available. This update has been summarized by the authors in an informal process with recommendations for low resource environments. We provide new available evidence on VITT to empower clinicians to recognize VITT early, then effectively diagnose and treat the disorder to reduce morbidity and mortality. We strongly encourage production of clear management pathways for primary care settings and hospital settings.",
keywords = "adenoviral vector-based vaccine, AstraZeneca, cerebral vein sinus thrombosis, platelets, SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia",
author = "Andreas Greinacher and Florian Langer and Mike Makris and Menaka Pai and Sue Pavord and Huyen Tran and Warkentin, {Theodore E.}",
note = "Funding Information: FL has received personal fees for lectures, advisory boards, or consultancy and/or research support from Aspen, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol‐Myers Squibb, CSL Behring, Daiichi Sankyo, LEO Pharma, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Octapharma, Pfizer, Sanofi, Viatris, and Werfen, outside the submitted work. HT has received honoraria for advisory board participation, research support, or educational lectures from Bayer, CSL Behring, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Roche, and Sanofi outside the submitted work. MM is the project lead for the European Haemophilia Safety Surveillance System (EUHASS), which received funding from Bayer, Biomarin, BPL, CSL Behring, Kedrion, NovoNordisk, Octapharma, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Sobi, and Takeda. MP has received honoraria for a lecture from Novartis, and has provided expert witness testimony relating to thrombotic disorders. SP has received honoraria for educational lectures, chairing and participation in advisory boards, or sponsorship for running courses from SOBI, Amgen, Alexion, Sanofi, CSL Behring, Novartis, Pharmacosmos, and Vifor Pharma, outside the submitted work. TEW has received lecture honoraria from Alexion and Instrumentation Laboratory, and royalties from Informa (Taylor & Francis); has provided consulting services to Aspen Canada, Aspen Global, Bayer, CSL Behring, Ergomed, and Octapharma; has received research funding from Instrumentation Laboratory; and has provided expert witness testimony relating to heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and non‐HIT thrombocytopenic and coagulopathic disorders. AG reports grants and non‐financial support from Aspen, Boehringer Ingelheim, MSD, Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS), Paringenix, Bayer Healthcare, Gore Inc., Rovi, Sagent, Biomarin/Prosensa; personal fees from Aspen, Boehringer Ingelheim, MSD, Macopharma, BMS, Chromatec, Instrumentation Laboratory; non‐financial support from Boehringer Ingelheim, Portola, Ergomed, GTH e.V. outside the submitted work. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Authors. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis.",
year = "2022",
month = jan,
doi = "10.1111/jth.15572",
language = "English",
volume = "20",
pages = "149--156",
journal = "Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis",
issn = "1538-7933",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "1",
}
