TY - JOUR
T1 - Umbilical blood flow patterns directly after birth before delayed cord clamping
AU - Boere, Isabelle
AU - Roest, Arno A W
AU - Wallace, Euan Morrison
AU - Ten Harkel, Arend Derk Jan
AU - Haak, Monique Cecile
AU - Morley, Colin John
AU - Hooper, Stuart Brian
AU - Te Pas, Arjan B
PY - 2015
Y1 - 2015
N2 - Delayed umbilical cord clamping (DCC) affects the cardiopulmonary transition and blood volume in neonates immediately after birth. However, little is known of blood flow in the umbilical vessels immediately after birth during DCC. The objective is to describe the duration and patterns of blood flow through the umbilical vessels during DCC. METHODS: Arterial and venous umbilical blood flow was measured during DCC using Doppler ultrasound in uncomplicated term vaginal deliveries. Immediately after birth, the probe was placed in the middle of the umbilical cord, pattern and duration of flow in vein and arteries were evaluated until cord clamping. RESULTS: Thirty infants were studied. Venous flow: In 10 no flow was present, in 57 flow stopped at 4:34 (3:03-7:31) (median (IQR) min:sec) after birth, before the cord was clamped. In 33 , flow continued until cord clamping at 5:13 (2:56-9:15) min:sec. Initially, venous flow was intermittent, increasing markedly during large breaths or stopping and reversing during crying, but then became continuous. Arterial flow: In 17 no flow was present, in 40 flow stopped at 4:22 (2:29-7:17) min:sec, while cord pulsations were still palpable. In 43 flow continued until the cord was clamped at 5:16 (3:32-10:10) min:sec. Arterial flow was pulsatile, unidirectional towards placenta or bidirectional to/from placenta. In 40 flow became continuous towards placenta later on. CONCLUSIONS: During delayed umbilical cord clamping, venous and arterial umbilical flow occurs for longer than previously described. Net placental transfusion is probably the result of several factors of which breathing could play a major role. Umbilical flow is unrelated to cessation of pulsations.
AB - Delayed umbilical cord clamping (DCC) affects the cardiopulmonary transition and blood volume in neonates immediately after birth. However, little is known of blood flow in the umbilical vessels immediately after birth during DCC. The objective is to describe the duration and patterns of blood flow through the umbilical vessels during DCC. METHODS: Arterial and venous umbilical blood flow was measured during DCC using Doppler ultrasound in uncomplicated term vaginal deliveries. Immediately after birth, the probe was placed in the middle of the umbilical cord, pattern and duration of flow in vein and arteries were evaluated until cord clamping. RESULTS: Thirty infants were studied. Venous flow: In 10 no flow was present, in 57 flow stopped at 4:34 (3:03-7:31) (median (IQR) min:sec) after birth, before the cord was clamped. In 33 , flow continued until cord clamping at 5:13 (2:56-9:15) min:sec. Initially, venous flow was intermittent, increasing markedly during large breaths or stopping and reversing during crying, but then became continuous. Arterial flow: In 17 no flow was present, in 40 flow stopped at 4:22 (2:29-7:17) min:sec, while cord pulsations were still palpable. In 43 flow continued until the cord was clamped at 5:16 (3:32-10:10) min:sec. Arterial flow was pulsatile, unidirectional towards placenta or bidirectional to/from placenta. In 40 flow became continuous towards placenta later on. CONCLUSIONS: During delayed umbilical cord clamping, venous and arterial umbilical flow occurs for longer than previously described. Net placental transfusion is probably the result of several factors of which breathing could play a major role. Umbilical flow is unrelated to cessation of pulsations.
UR - http://fn.bmj.com/content/early/2014/11/11/archdischild-2014-307144.full.pdf+html
U2 - 10.1136/archdischild-2014-307144
DO - 10.1136/archdischild-2014-307144
M3 - Article
SN - 1359-2998
VL - 100
SP - 121
EP - 125
JO - Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition
JF - Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition
IS - 2
ER -