Abstract
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 7599-7618 |
| Number of pages | 20 |
| Journal | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
| Volume | 120 |
| Issue number | 15 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2015 |
Keywords
- Hadley circulation
- Trends
- Walker circulation
Cite this
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Trends in the local Hadley and local Walker circulations. / Schwendike, Juliane; Berry, Gareth James; Reeder, Michael John; Jakob, Christian; Govekar, Pallavi Devidas; Wardle, Richard Michael.
In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 120, No. 15, 2015, p. 7599-7618.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - Trends in the local Hadley and local Walker circulations
AU - Schwendike, Juliane
AU - Berry, Gareth James
AU - Reeder, Michael John
AU - Jakob, Christian
AU - Govekar, Pallavi Devidas
AU - Wardle, Richard Michael
PY - 2015
Y1 - 2015
N2 - The linear trend in the local Hadley and Walker circulations from 1979 to 2009 is calculated. These local circulations are defined through a decomposition of the vertical mass flux into its zonal and meridional components. Defining the local circulation this way ensures that the two orthogonal circulations (the local Hadley and Walker circulations) sum to the original circulation even after averaging the circulations regionally. Large regional differences in changes in the local Hadley and Walker circulations over a 31 year period are found. For example, the local Hadley circulation has shifted southward over Africa, the Maritime Continent, and the western and central Pacific by about 1°. Over the Americas and the Atlantic the local Hadley circulation has strengthened by about 1-5%. The zonal component of the vertical mass flux has increased by about 10-20% in the tropics over all continents and decreased over the adjacent oceans by about 10-20%. Although the local Walker circulations in the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic have weakened, the circulation in the Pacific has changed little (about 1-2%). The local Walker circulations in all ocean basins have shifted westward by about 1-2°on average.
AB - The linear trend in the local Hadley and Walker circulations from 1979 to 2009 is calculated. These local circulations are defined through a decomposition of the vertical mass flux into its zonal and meridional components. Defining the local circulation this way ensures that the two orthogonal circulations (the local Hadley and Walker circulations) sum to the original circulation even after averaging the circulations regionally. Large regional differences in changes in the local Hadley and Walker circulations over a 31 year period are found. For example, the local Hadley circulation has shifted southward over Africa, the Maritime Continent, and the western and central Pacific by about 1°. Over the Americas and the Atlantic the local Hadley circulation has strengthened by about 1-5%. The zonal component of the vertical mass flux has increased by about 10-20% in the tropics over all continents and decreased over the adjacent oceans by about 10-20%. Although the local Walker circulations in the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic have weakened, the circulation in the Pacific has changed little (about 1-2%). The local Walker circulations in all ocean basins have shifted westward by about 1-2°on average.
KW - Hadley circulation
KW - Trends
KW - Walker circulation
UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.ezproxy.lib.monash.edu.au/doi/10.1002/2014JD022652/epdf
U2 - 10.1002/2014JD022652
DO - 10.1002/2014JD022652
M3 - Article
VL - 120
SP - 7599
EP - 7618
JO - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
SN - 2169-897X
IS - 15
ER -