Treatment with quercetin and 3′,4′-dihydroxyflavonol inhibits platelet function and reduces thrombus formation in vivo

Flavonols are polyphenolic compounds with reported cardiovascular benefits and have been shown to exhibit antiplatelet properties in vitro. While some studies have shown inhibition of platelet aggregation following dietary supplementation with flavonol rich foods, few studies have assessed the ability of flavonols to inhibit platelet mediated thrombus generation in vivo. Furthermore, the duration of benefit and the influence of different dosing regimens remain unclear. In this study we investigate the ability of two structurally related flavonols; quercetin (Que) and 3′,4′- dihydroxyflavonol (DiOHF) to inhibit platelet aggregation, platelet granule exocytosis and vessel occlusion in a well characterized mouse model of platelet mediated arterial thrombosis. We investigated the effect of a single 6 mg/kg intravenous bolus and daily 6 mg/kg intraperitoneal doses over seven consecutive days. Carotid artery blood flow after injury was better maintained in mice treated with both Que and DiOHF when compared to the vehicle for both dosage regimens. This improved blood flow corresponded to inhibition of platelet aggregation and platelet dense granule exocytosis following chemical stimulation of PAR4. We therefore provide evidence of inhibition of platelet-mediated arterial thrombosis by flavonols in vivo, and demonstrate that this effect persists for at least 24 h after the last intraperitoneal dose. These data suggest a potential clinical role for flavonols as anti-platelet therapy.