Towards an alcohol-free process for the production of palm phytonutrients via enzymatic hydrolysis of crude palm oil using liquid lipases

Siti Hanifah Adiiba; Eng-Seng Chan; Yee Ying Lee; null Amelia; Mun Yuen Chang; Cher Pin Song

doi:10.1002/jsfa.12053

Towards an alcohol-free process for the production of palm phytonutrients via enzymatic hydrolysis of crude palm oil using liquid lipases

Siti Hanifah Adiiba, Eng-Seng Chan, Yee Ying Lee, Amelia, Mun Yuen Chang, Cher Pin Song

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer-review

9 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Crude palm oil (CPO) is rich with phytonutrients such as carotenoids and tocols which possesses many health benefits. The aim of this research was to develop a methanol-free process to produce palm phytonutrients via enzymatic hydrolysis. In this work, triacylglycerol was hydrolyzed into free fatty acids (FFAs) using three different types of liquid lipases derived from Aspergillus oryzae (ET 2.0), Aspergillus niger (Habio) and Candida antartica (CALB). RESULTS: ET 2.0 was found to be the best enzyme for hydrolysis. Under the optimum condition, the FFA content achievable was 790 g kg⁻¹ after 24 h of reaction with 1:1 water-to-oil mass ratio at 50 °C and stirring speed of 9 × g. Furthermore, with the addition of 2 g kg⁻¹ ascorbic acid, it was found that 98% of carotenoids and 96% of tocols could be retained after hydrolysis. CONCLUSION: This work shows that enzymatic hydrolysis, which is inherently safer, cleaner and sustainable is feasible to replace the conventional methanolysis for the production of palm phytonutrients.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	6921-6929
Number of pages	9
Journal	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
Volume	102
Issue number	15
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.12053
Publication status	Published - Dec 2022

Keywords

carotene
crude palm oil
enzymatic hydrolysis
lipases
phytonutrients
tocols

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10.1002/jsfa.12053Licence: CC BY-NC-ND

383501938-oaFinal published version, 713 KBLicence: CC BY-NC-ND

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title = "Towards an alcohol-free process for the production of palm phytonutrients via enzymatic hydrolysis of crude palm oil using liquid lipases",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: Crude palm oil (CPO) is rich with phytonutrients such as carotenoids and tocols which possesses many health benefits. The aim of this research was to develop a methanol-free process to produce palm phytonutrients via enzymatic hydrolysis. In this work, triacylglycerol was hydrolyzed into free fatty acids (FFAs) using three different types of liquid lipases derived from Aspergillus oryzae (ET 2.0), Aspergillus niger (Habio) and Candida antartica (CALB). RESULTS: ET 2.0 was found to be the best enzyme for hydrolysis. Under the optimum condition, the FFA content achievable was 790 g kg−1 after 24 h of reaction with 1:1 water-to-oil mass ratio at 50 °C and stirring speed of 9 × g. Furthermore, with the addition of 2 g kg−1 ascorbic acid, it was found that 98% of carotenoids and 96% of tocols could be retained after hydrolysis. CONCLUSION: This work shows that enzymatic hydrolysis, which is inherently safer, cleaner and sustainable is feasible to replace the conventional methanolysis for the production of palm phytonutrients.",

keywords = "carotene, crude palm oil, enzymatic hydrolysis, lipases, phytonutrients, tocols",

author = "Adiiba, {Siti Hanifah} and Eng-Seng Chan and Lee, {Yee Ying} and Amelia and Chang, {Mun Yuen} and Song, {Cher Pin}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was funded by the research grant under Monash‐Industry Palm Oil Education and Research Platform (MIPO). The authors are grateful to Novozymes Malaysia and Mianyang Habio Bioengineering Co. Ltd, China for providing the enzymes, and Sime Darby for providing the CPO. Ms Siti Hanifah Adiiba is thankful to Monash University Malaysia for the scholarship and research facilities. Open access publishing facilitated by Monash University, as part of the Wiley ‐ Monash University agreement via the Council of Australian University Librarians. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.",

year = "2022",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1002/jsfa.12053",

language = "English",

volume = "102",

pages = "6921--6929",

journal = "Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture",

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Towards an alcohol-free process for the production of palm phytonutrients via enzymatic hydrolysis of crude palm oil using liquid lipases. / Adiiba, Siti Hanifah ; Chan, Eng-Seng ; Lee, Yee Ying et al.
In: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, Vol. 102, No. 15, 12.2022, p. 6921-6929.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Towards an alcohol-free process for the production of palm phytonutrients via enzymatic hydrolysis of crude palm oil using liquid lipases

AU - Adiiba, Siti Hanifah

AU - Chan, Eng-Seng

AU - Lee, Yee Ying

AU - Amelia, null

AU - Chang, Mun Yuen

AU - Song, Cher Pin

N1 - Funding Information: This work was funded by the research grant under Monash‐Industry Palm Oil Education and Research Platform (MIPO). The authors are grateful to Novozymes Malaysia and Mianyang Habio Bioengineering Co. Ltd, China for providing the enzymes, and Sime Darby for providing the CPO. Ms Siti Hanifah Adiiba is thankful to Monash University Malaysia for the scholarship and research facilities. Open access publishing facilitated by Monash University, as part of the Wiley ‐ Monash University agreement via the Council of Australian University Librarians. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

PY - 2022/12

Y1 - 2022/12

N2 - BACKGROUND: Crude palm oil (CPO) is rich with phytonutrients such as carotenoids and tocols which possesses many health benefits. The aim of this research was to develop a methanol-free process to produce palm phytonutrients via enzymatic hydrolysis. In this work, triacylglycerol was hydrolyzed into free fatty acids (FFAs) using three different types of liquid lipases derived from Aspergillus oryzae (ET 2.0), Aspergillus niger (Habio) and Candida antartica (CALB). RESULTS: ET 2.0 was found to be the best enzyme for hydrolysis. Under the optimum condition, the FFA content achievable was 790 g kg−1 after 24 h of reaction with 1:1 water-to-oil mass ratio at 50 °C and stirring speed of 9 × g. Furthermore, with the addition of 2 g kg−1 ascorbic acid, it was found that 98% of carotenoids and 96% of tocols could be retained after hydrolysis. CONCLUSION: This work shows that enzymatic hydrolysis, which is inherently safer, cleaner and sustainable is feasible to replace the conventional methanolysis for the production of palm phytonutrients.

AB - BACKGROUND: Crude palm oil (CPO) is rich with phytonutrients such as carotenoids and tocols which possesses many health benefits. The aim of this research was to develop a methanol-free process to produce palm phytonutrients via enzymatic hydrolysis. In this work, triacylglycerol was hydrolyzed into free fatty acids (FFAs) using three different types of liquid lipases derived from Aspergillus oryzae (ET 2.0), Aspergillus niger (Habio) and Candida antartica (CALB). RESULTS: ET 2.0 was found to be the best enzyme for hydrolysis. Under the optimum condition, the FFA content achievable was 790 g kg−1 after 24 h of reaction with 1:1 water-to-oil mass ratio at 50 °C and stirring speed of 9 × g. Furthermore, with the addition of 2 g kg−1 ascorbic acid, it was found that 98% of carotenoids and 96% of tocols could be retained after hydrolysis. CONCLUSION: This work shows that enzymatic hydrolysis, which is inherently safer, cleaner and sustainable is feasible to replace the conventional methanolysis for the production of palm phytonutrients.

KW - carotene

KW - crude palm oil

KW - enzymatic hydrolysis

KW - lipases

KW - phytonutrients

KW - tocols

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U2 - 10.1002/jsfa.12053

DO - 10.1002/jsfa.12053

M3 - Article

C2 - 35662022

AN - SCOPUS:85132384993

SN - 0022-5142

VL - 102

SP - 6921

EP - 6929

JO - Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture

JF - Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture

IS - 15

ER -

Towards an alcohol-free process for the production of palm phytonutrients via enzymatic hydrolysis of crude palm oil using liquid lipases

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Keywords

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