The use of technology in vaccine safety communication: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials

Objectives: To identify technologies used in vaccine safety communication and evaluate their impact on vaccination intention, uptake, knowledge, attitude, and perceptions of consumers. Methods: We searched 6 electronic databases to identify randomised controlled trials assessing the impact of using technology in vaccine safety communication. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias was used to evaluate each study. Results: We included 22 studies involving 27,109 participants from 8 countries; 15 studies assessed the use of videos and 7 examined innovative technologies. Using videos significantly improved knowledge (n = 3) and participant engagement (n = 2) compared to printed material. Among the innovative technologies, the use of virtual reality, and smartphone applications incorporating social networking or gamification significantly increased vaccination knowledge, confidence, and engagement. The studies showed that narrative messaging increased perceived disease severity (n = 2) and vaccination intention (n = 2). Conclusions: While the use of innovative technologies is increasing, videos currently remain the most popular technology for vaccine safety communication. Communication technology, particularly with narrative messaging, improves patient engagement and comprehension. Practice implications: Health authorities should increase focus on using videos and smartphone applications for vaccine safety communication. Collaboration among stakeholders is essential to develop guidelines on effective message content to complement the technology.