@article{b59cfef4361744dc9da459363374a795,
title = "The Structural Connectome and Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms at 7 and 13 Years in Individuals Born Very Preterm and Full Term",
abstract = "Background: Children born very preterm (VP) are at higher risk of emotional and behavioral problems compared with full-term (FT) children. We investigated the neurobiological basis of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in individuals born VP and FT by applying a graph theory approach. Methods: Structural and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data were combined to generate structural connectomes and calculate measures of network integration and segregation at 7 (VP: 72; FT: 17) and 13 (VP: 125; FT: 44) years. Internalizing and externalizing symptoms were assessed at 7 and 13 years using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Linear regression models were used to relate network measures and internalizing and externalizing symptoms concurrently at 7 and 13 years. Results: Lower network integration (characteristic path length and global efficiency) was associated with higher internalizing symptoms in VP and FT children at 7 years, but not at 13 years. The association between network integration (characteristic path length) and externalizing symptoms at 7 years was weaker, but there was some evidence for differential associations between groups, with lower integration in the VP group and higher integration in the FT group associated with higher externalizing symptoms. At 13 years, there was some evidence that associations between network segregation (average clustering coefficient, transitivity, local efficiency) and externalizing symptoms differed between the VP and FT groups, with stronger positive associations in the VP group. Conclusions: This study provides insights into the neurobiological basis of emotional and behavioral problems after preterm birth, highlighting the role of the structural connectome in internalizing and externalizing symptoms in childhood and adolescence.",
keywords = "Adolescence, Childhood, Connectivity, Magnetic resonance imaging, Premature birth, Psychopathology",
author = "Gilchrist, {Courtney P.} and Thompson, {Deanne K.} and Kelly, {Claire E.} and Richard Beare and Christopher Adamson and Thijs Dhollander and Katherine Lee and Karli Treyvaud and Matthews, {Lillian G.} and Mary Tolcos and Cheong, {Jeanie L.Y.} and Inder, {Terrie E.} and Doyle, {Lex W.} and Angela Cumberland and Anderson, {Peter J.}",
note = "Funding Information: This study was funded in part by an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship (to CPG), the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (Center for Clinical Research Excellence Grant Nos. 546519, 1060733, and 1153176; Project Grant Nos. 237117, 491209, and 1066555; Career Development Fellowships 1085754 and 1160003 [to DKT] and 1141354 [to JLYC]; Early Career Fellowship Grant No. 1012236 [to DKT]; Senior Research Fellowship Grant No. 1081288 and Leadership Fellowship Grant No. 1176077 [to PJA]), Financial Markets Foundation for Children (Grant No. 2019-083 [to AC, PJA, DKT, MT]), RMIT Vice Chancellor's Senior Research Fellowship and Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (to MT), Brigham and Women's Hospital Program for Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Fellowship (to LGM), US National Institutes of Health (Grant No. HD058056), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Royal Children's Hospital, The Royal Children's Hospital Foundation, Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, and the Victorian Government's Operational Infrastructure Support Program. CPG, DKT, CEK, RB, CA, TD, KL, KT, LGM, MT, JLYC, TEI, LWD, AC, and PJA have made substantial contributions to design of this study and editing the manuscript. CPG conducted data analysis and interpretation and prepared the initial manuscript draft. KL provided statistical consultation. All authors approved the submitted version and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work. We acknowledge the contributions of the Victorian Infant Brain Studies and Developmental Imaging groups at the Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Michael Kean and Radiographers at the Royal Children's Hospital for the magnetic resonance images. We thank families involved in this study. The authors report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Funding Information: This study was funded in part by an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship (to CPG), the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (Center for Clinical Research Excellence Grant Nos. 546519, 1060733, and 1153176; Project Grant Nos. 237117, 491209, and 1066555; Career Development Fellowships 1085754 and 1160003 [to DKT] and 1141354 [to JLYC]; Early Career Fellowship Grant No. 1012236 [to DKT]; Senior Research Fellowship Grant No. 1081288 and Leadership Fellowship Grant No. 1176077 [to PJA]), Financial Markets Foundation for Children (Grant No. 2019-083 [to AC, PJA, DKT, MT]), RMIT Vice Chancellor{\textquoteright}s Senior Research Fellowship and Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (to MT), Brigham and Women{\textquoteright}s Hospital Program for Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Fellowship (to LGM), US National Institutes of Health (Grant No. HD058056 ), Murdoch Children{\textquoteright}s Research Institute, the Royal Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital, The Royal Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital Foundation, Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, and the Victorian Government{\textquoteright}s Operational Infrastructure Support Program. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Society of Biological Psychiatry",
year = "2022",
month = apr,
doi = "10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.10.003",
language = "English",
volume = "7",
pages = "424--434",
journal = "Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging",
issn = "2451-9022",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
number = "4",
}