Abstract
Introduction: Gonorrhoea and chlamydia cases have been rising among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM) over the last decade. The majority of cases are extragenital and occur at the oropharynx and anorectum. The aim of this narrative review was to review the risk factors and mode of transmission for gonorrhoea and chlamydia at the oropharynx and anorectum among MSM. Results and discussion: New evidence suggests that oropharyngeal gonorrhoea can be transmitted by kissing in addition to through the established route of condomless oral sex; and anorectal gonorrhoea can be acquired when saliva is used as a lubricant for anal sex and rimming in addition to the established route of condomless penile-anal sex in MSM. In contrast, condomless penile-anal sex remains the major route for chlamydia transmission. Conclusions: Substantial transmission of gonorrhoea may occur with practices other than the established routes of condomless oral and/or anal sex and hence condoms may not be effective in preventing gonorrhoea transmission to extragenital sites. In contrast, condoms are effective for chlamydia control because it is mainly transmitted through condomless penile-anal sex. Novel interventions for gonorrhoea that reduce the risk of transmission at extragenital site are required.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | e25354 |
| Number of pages | 6 |
| Journal | Journal of the International AIDS Society |
| Volume | 22 |
| Issue number | S6 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Aug 2019 |
Keywords
- anal
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- control
- kissing
- men who have sex with men
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- saliva
- sexual behaviours
- sexual practices
- sexually transmitted diseases
- sexually transmitted infections
- throat
- transmission
Cite this
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The role of saliva in gonorrhoea and chlamydia transmission to extragenital sites among men who have sex with men : new insights into transmission. / Chow, Eric P.F.; Fairley, Christopher K.
In: Journal of the International AIDS Society, Vol. 22, No. S6, e25354, 01.08.2019.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review Article › Research › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - The role of saliva in gonorrhoea and chlamydia transmission to extragenital sites among men who have sex with men
T2 - new insights into transmission
AU - Chow, Eric P.F.
AU - Fairley, Christopher K.
PY - 2019/8/1
Y1 - 2019/8/1
N2 - Introduction: Gonorrhoea and chlamydia cases have been rising among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM) over the last decade. The majority of cases are extragenital and occur at the oropharynx and anorectum. The aim of this narrative review was to review the risk factors and mode of transmission for gonorrhoea and chlamydia at the oropharynx and anorectum among MSM. Results and discussion: New evidence suggests that oropharyngeal gonorrhoea can be transmitted by kissing in addition to through the established route of condomless oral sex; and anorectal gonorrhoea can be acquired when saliva is used as a lubricant for anal sex and rimming in addition to the established route of condomless penile-anal sex in MSM. In contrast, condomless penile-anal sex remains the major route for chlamydia transmission. Conclusions: Substantial transmission of gonorrhoea may occur with practices other than the established routes of condomless oral and/or anal sex and hence condoms may not be effective in preventing gonorrhoea transmission to extragenital sites. In contrast, condoms are effective for chlamydia control because it is mainly transmitted through condomless penile-anal sex. Novel interventions for gonorrhoea that reduce the risk of transmission at extragenital site are required.
AB - Introduction: Gonorrhoea and chlamydia cases have been rising among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM) over the last decade. The majority of cases are extragenital and occur at the oropharynx and anorectum. The aim of this narrative review was to review the risk factors and mode of transmission for gonorrhoea and chlamydia at the oropharynx and anorectum among MSM. Results and discussion: New evidence suggests that oropharyngeal gonorrhoea can be transmitted by kissing in addition to through the established route of condomless oral sex; and anorectal gonorrhoea can be acquired when saliva is used as a lubricant for anal sex and rimming in addition to the established route of condomless penile-anal sex in MSM. In contrast, condomless penile-anal sex remains the major route for chlamydia transmission. Conclusions: Substantial transmission of gonorrhoea may occur with practices other than the established routes of condomless oral and/or anal sex and hence condoms may not be effective in preventing gonorrhoea transmission to extragenital sites. In contrast, condoms are effective for chlamydia control because it is mainly transmitted through condomless penile-anal sex. Novel interventions for gonorrhoea that reduce the risk of transmission at extragenital site are required.
KW - anal
KW - Chlamydia trachomatis
KW - control
KW - kissing
KW - men who have sex with men
KW - Neisseria gonorrhoeae
KW - saliva
KW - sexual behaviours
KW - sexual practices
KW - sexually transmitted diseases
KW - sexually transmitted infections
KW - throat
KW - transmission
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85071376775&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/jia2.25354
DO - 10.1002/jia2.25354
M3 - Review Article
VL - 22
JO - Journal of the International AIDS Society
JF - Journal of the International AIDS Society
SN - 1758-2652
IS - S6
M1 - e25354
ER -