TY - JOUR
T1 - The Mechanisms of Disease Caused by Acinetobacter baumannii
AU - Morris, Faye C.
AU - Dexter, Carina
AU - Kostoulias, Xenia
AU - Uddin, Muhammad Ikhtear
AU - Peleg, Anton Y.
PY - 2019/7/17
Y1 - 2019/7/17
N2 - Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram negative opportunistic pathogen that has demonstrated a significant insurgence in the prevalence of infections over recent decades. With only a limited number of “traditional” virulence factors, the mechanisms underlying the success of this pathogen remain of great interest. Major advances have been made in the tools, reagents, and models to study A. baumannii pathogenesis, and this has resulted in a substantial increase in knowledge. This article provides a comprehensive review of the bacterial virulence factors, the host immune responses, and animal models applicable for the study of this important human pathogen. Collating the most recent evidence characterizing bacterial virulence factors, their cellular targets and genetic regulation, we have encompassed numerous aspects important to the success of this pathogen, including membrane proteins and cell surface adaptations promoting immune evasion, mechanisms for nutrient acquisition and community interactions. The role of innate and adaptive immune responses is reviewed and areas of paucity in our understanding are highlighted. Finally, with the vast expansion of available animal models over recent years, we have evaluated those suitable for use in the study of Acinetobacter disease, discussing their advantages and limitations.
AB - Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram negative opportunistic pathogen that has demonstrated a significant insurgence in the prevalence of infections over recent decades. With only a limited number of “traditional” virulence factors, the mechanisms underlying the success of this pathogen remain of great interest. Major advances have been made in the tools, reagents, and models to study A. baumannii pathogenesis, and this has resulted in a substantial increase in knowledge. This article provides a comprehensive review of the bacterial virulence factors, the host immune responses, and animal models applicable for the study of this important human pathogen. Collating the most recent evidence characterizing bacterial virulence factors, their cellular targets and genetic regulation, we have encompassed numerous aspects important to the success of this pathogen, including membrane proteins and cell surface adaptations promoting immune evasion, mechanisms for nutrient acquisition and community interactions. The role of innate and adaptive immune responses is reviewed and areas of paucity in our understanding are highlighted. Finally, with the vast expansion of available animal models over recent years, we have evaluated those suitable for use in the study of Acinetobacter disease, discussing their advantages and limitations.
KW - A. baumannii
KW - Animal models
KW - Bacterial virulence factors
KW - Host-pathogen interactions
KW - Immune response
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85069434959&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01601
DO - 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01601
M3 - Review Article
AN - SCOPUS:85069434959
SN - 1664-302X
VL - 10
JO - Frontiers in Microbiology
JF - Frontiers in Microbiology
M1 - 1601
ER -