TY - JOUR
T1 - The influence of shifting the electric bus charging routine on the techno-economic performance of a solar-powered bus depot
AU - Mominul Islam, Shah Mohammad
AU - Salema, Arshad Adam
AU - Saleheen, Mohammed Zeehan
AU - Lim, Joanne Mun Yee
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to acknowledge financial assistance from Monash University Malaysia-Sunway Group of Companies grant no. SG-2018-02-ENG . The authors would also like to thank and acknowledge Prasarana Malaysia Bhd. for their kind support and assistance in the project.
Funding Information:
The authors would like to acknowledge financial assistance from Monash University Malaysia-Sunway Group of Companies grant no. SG-2018-02-ENG. The authors would also like to thank and acknowledge Prasarana Malaysia Bhd. for their kind support and assistance in the project.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2022/1/15
Y1 - 2022/1/15
N2 - Electric buses consume a considerable amount of energy during charging, which inevitably increases the maximum demand (MD) on a system. We have therefore developed a model to investigate the techno-economic feasibility of solar energy for an electric bus depot. The influence of the bus charging routine (BCR) on the techno-economic performance of solar PV systems was investigated. After applying the BCR, results from simulation software provided the optimal hybrid grid-connected PV (GCPV) system of 850 kWp capacity. The cost of energy (COE) and net present cost (NPC) for this system are 0.434 MYR/kWh and 13.3 million MYR, respectively, notably lower than the existing conventional grid system (0.48 MYR/kWh and 14.7 million MYR, respectively). This optimised system significantly reduces the MD by 450 kW and CO2 emission by ∼38% per year. The configuration based on 850 kWp was designed and sized using design software to deliver 3.19 kWh/kWp of energy per day, and to provide a performance ratio (PR) of 82%. Overall, the GCPV system with the BCR is the most feasible option in techno-economic terms, which can reduce the operational cost and carbon emissions in order to develop sustainable transport throughout the region and beyond.
AB - Electric buses consume a considerable amount of energy during charging, which inevitably increases the maximum demand (MD) on a system. We have therefore developed a model to investigate the techno-economic feasibility of solar energy for an electric bus depot. The influence of the bus charging routine (BCR) on the techno-economic performance of solar PV systems was investigated. After applying the BCR, results from simulation software provided the optimal hybrid grid-connected PV (GCPV) system of 850 kWp capacity. The cost of energy (COE) and net present cost (NPC) for this system are 0.434 MYR/kWh and 13.3 million MYR, respectively, notably lower than the existing conventional grid system (0.48 MYR/kWh and 14.7 million MYR, respectively). This optimised system significantly reduces the MD by 450 kW and CO2 emission by ∼38% per year. The configuration based on 850 kWp was designed and sized using design software to deliver 3.19 kWh/kWp of energy per day, and to provide a performance ratio (PR) of 82%. Overall, the GCPV system with the BCR is the most feasible option in techno-economic terms, which can reduce the operational cost and carbon emissions in order to develop sustainable transport throughout the region and beyond.
KW - Charging routine
KW - Electric bus
KW - Grid-connected
KW - Solar PV
KW - Techno-economic
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85117368659&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.energy.2021.122316
DO - 10.1016/j.energy.2021.122316
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85117368659
SN - 0360-5442
VL - 239
JO - Energy
JF - Energy
IS - Part D
M1 - 122316
ER -
