The Circumstellar Environments of Double-peaked, Calcium-strong Transients 2021gno and 2021inl

W. V. Jacobson-Galán; P. Venkatraman; R. Margutti; D. Khatami; G. Terreran; R. J. Foley; R. Angulo; C. R. Angus; K. Auchettl; P. K. Blanchard; A. Bobrick; J. S. Bright; D. Brout; K. C. Chambers; C. D. Couch; D. A. Coulter; K. Clever; K. W. Davis; T. J.L. De Boer; L. Demarchi; S. A. Dodd; D. O. Jones; J. Johnson; C. D. Kilpatrick; N. Khetan; Z. Lai; D. Langeroodi; C. C. Lin; E. A. Magnier; D. Milisavljevic; H. B. Perets; J. D.R. Pierel; J. Raymond; S. Rest; A. Rest; R. Ridden-Harper; K. J. Shen; M. R. Siebert; C. Smith; K. Taggart; S. Tinyanont; F. Valdes; V. A. Villar; Q. Wang; S. K. Yadavalli; Y. Zenati; A. Zenteno

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac67dc

The Circumstellar Environments of Double-peaked, Calcium-strong Transients 2021gno and 2021inl

W. V. Jacobson-Galán, P. Venkatraman, R. Margutti, D. Khatami, G. Terreran, R. J. Foley, R. Angulo, C. R. Angus, K. Auchettl, P. K. Blanchard, A. Bobrick, J. S. Bright, D. Brout, K. C. Chambers, C. D. Couch, D. A. Coulter, K. Clever, K. W. Davis, T. J.L. De Boer, L. DemarchiS. A. Dodd, D. O. Jones, J. Johnson, C. D. Kilpatrick, N. Khetan, Z. Lai, D. Langeroodi, C. C. Lin, E. A. Magnier, D. Milisavljevic, H. B. Perets, J. D.R. Pierel, J. Raymond, S. Rest, A. Rest, R. Ridden-Harper, K. J. Shen, M. R. Siebert, C. Smith, K. Taggart, S. Tinyanont, F. Valdes, V. A. Villar, Q. Wang, S. K. Yadavalli, Y. Zenati, A. Zenteno

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Abstract

We present panchromatic observations and modeling of calcium-strong supernovae (SNe) 2021gno in the star-forming host-galaxy NGC 4165 and 2021inl in the outskirts of elliptical galaxy NGC 4923, both monitored through the Young Supernova Experiment transient survey. The light curves of both, SNe show two peaks, the former peak being derived from shock cooling emission (SCE) and/or shock interaction with circumstellar material (CSM). The primary peak in SN 2021gno is coincident with luminous, rapidly decaying X-ray emission (L x = 5 × 1041 erg s-1) detected by Swift-XRT at δ t = 1 day after explosion, this observation being the second-ever detection of X-rays from a calcium-strong transient. We interpret the X-ray emission in the context of shock interaction with CSM that extends to r < 3 × 1014 cm. Based on X-ray modeling, we calculate a CSM mass M CSM = (0.3-1.6) × 10-3 M ⊙ and density n = (1-4) × 1010 cm-3. Radio nondetections indicate a low-density environment at larger radii (r > 1016 cm) and mass-loss rate of Ṁ<10-4 M ⊙ yr-1. SCE modeling of both primary light-curve peaks indicates an extended-progenitor envelope mass M e = 0.02-0.05 M ⊙ and radius R e = 30-230 R ⊙. The explosion properties suggest progenitor systems containing either a low-mass massive star or a white dwarf (WD), the former being unlikely given the lack of local star formation. Furthermore, the environments of both SNe are consistent with low-mass hybrid He/C/O WD + C/O WD mergers.

Original language	English
Article number	58
Number of pages	25
Journal	The Astrophysical Journal
Volume	932
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac67dc
Publication status	Published - 10 Jun 2022
Externally published	Yes

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Jacobson-Galán, W. V., Venkatraman, P., Margutti, R., Khatami, D., Terreran, G., Foley, R. J., Angulo, R., Angus, C. R., Auchettl, K., Blanchard, P. K., Bobrick, A., Bright, J. S., Brout, D., Chambers, K. C., Couch, C. D., Coulter, D. A., Clever, K., Davis, K. W., De Boer, T. J. L., ... Zenteno, A. (2022). The Circumstellar Environments of Double-peaked, Calcium-strong Transients 2021gno and 2021inl. The Astrophysical Journal, 932(1), Article 58. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac67dc

@article{fbd5b63348ae4e9ebfb2173dbbcf426d,

title = "The Circumstellar Environments of Double-peaked, Calcium-strong Transients 2021gno and 2021inl",

abstract = "We present panchromatic observations and modeling of calcium-strong supernovae (SNe) 2021gno in the star-forming host-galaxy NGC 4165 and 2021inl in the outskirts of elliptical galaxy NGC 4923, both monitored through the Young Supernova Experiment transient survey. The light curves of both, SNe show two peaks, the former peak being derived from shock cooling emission (SCE) and/or shock interaction with circumstellar material (CSM). The primary peak in SN 2021gno is coincident with luminous, rapidly decaying X-ray emission (L x = 5 × 1041 erg s-1) detected by Swift-XRT at δ t = 1 day after explosion, this observation being the second-ever detection of X-rays from a calcium-strong transient. We interpret the X-ray emission in the context of shock interaction with CSM that extends to r < 3 × 1014 cm. Based on X-ray modeling, we calculate a CSM mass M CSM = (0.3-1.6) × 10-3 M ⊙ and density n = (1-4) × 1010 cm-3. Radio nondetections indicate a low-density environment at larger radii (r > 1016 cm) and mass-loss rate of Ṁ<10-4 M ⊙ yr-1. SCE modeling of both primary light-curve peaks indicates an extended-progenitor envelope mass M e = 0.02-0.05 M ⊙ and radius R e = 30-230 R ⊙. The explosion properties suggest progenitor systems containing either a low-mass massive star or a white dwarf (WD), the former being unlikely given the lack of local star formation. Furthermore, the environments of both SNe are consistent with low-mass hybrid He/C/O WD + C/O WD mergers.",

author = "Jacobson-Gal{\'a}n, {W. V.} and P. Venkatraman and R. Margutti and D. Khatami and G. Terreran and Foley, {R. J.} and R. Angulo and Angus, {C. R.} and K. Auchettl and Blanchard, {P. K.} and A. Bobrick and Bright, {J. S.} and D. Brout and Chambers, {K. C.} and Couch, {C. D.} and Coulter, {D. A.} and K. Clever and Davis, {K. W.} and {De Boer}, {T. J.L.} and L. Demarchi and Dodd, {S. A.} and Jones, {D. O.} and J. Johnson and Kilpatrick, {C. D.} and N. Khetan and Z. Lai and D. Langeroodi and Lin, {C. C.} and Magnier, {E. A.} and D. Milisavljevic and Perets, {H. B.} and Pierel, {J. D.R.} and J. Raymond and S. Rest and A. Rest and R. Ridden-Harper and Shen, {K. J.} and Siebert, {M. R.} and C. Smith and K. Taggart and S. Tinyanont and F. Valdes and Villar, {V. A.} and Q. Wang and Yadavalli, {S. K.} and Y. Zenati and A. Zenteno",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.",

year = "2022",

month = jun,

day = "10",

doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/ac67dc",

language = "English",

volume = "932",

journal = "The Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

publisher = "IOP Publishing",

number = "1",

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Jacobson-Galán, WV, Venkatraman, P, Margutti, R, Khatami, D, Terreran, G, Foley, RJ, Angulo, R, Angus, CR, Auchettl, K, Blanchard, PK, Bobrick, A, Bright, JS, Brout, D, Chambers, KC, Couch, CD, Coulter, DA, Clever, K, Davis, KW, De Boer, TJL, Demarchi, L, Dodd, SA, Jones, DO, Johnson, J, Kilpatrick, CD, Khetan, N, Lai, Z, Langeroodi, D, Lin, CC, Magnier, EA, Milisavljevic, D, Perets, HB, Pierel, JDR, Raymond, J, Rest, S, Rest, A, Ridden-Harper, R, Shen, KJ, Siebert, MR, Smith, C, Taggart, K, Tinyanont, S, Valdes, F, Villar, VA, Wang, Q, Yadavalli, SK, Zenati, Y & Zenteno, A 2022, 'The Circumstellar Environments of Double-peaked, Calcium-strong Transients 2021gno and 2021inl', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 932, no. 1, 58. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac67dc

TY - JOUR

T1 - The Circumstellar Environments of Double-peaked, Calcium-strong Transients 2021gno and 2021inl

AU - Jacobson-Galán, W. V.

AU - Venkatraman, P.

AU - Margutti, R.

AU - Khatami, D.

AU - Terreran, G.

AU - Foley, R. J.

AU - Angulo, R.

AU - Angus, C. R.

AU - Auchettl, K.

AU - Blanchard, P. K.

AU - Bobrick, A.

AU - Bright, J. S.

AU - Brout, D.

AU - Chambers, K. C.

AU - Couch, C. D.

AU - Coulter, D. A.

AU - Clever, K.

AU - Davis, K. W.

AU - De Boer, T. J.L.

AU - Demarchi, L.

AU - Dodd, S. A.

AU - Jones, D. O.

AU - Johnson, J.

AU - Kilpatrick, C. D.

AU - Khetan, N.

AU - Lai, Z.

AU - Langeroodi, D.

AU - Lin, C. C.

AU - Magnier, E. A.

AU - Milisavljevic, D.

AU - Perets, H. B.

AU - Pierel, J. D.R.

AU - Raymond, J.

AU - Rest, S.

AU - Rest, A.

AU - Ridden-Harper, R.

AU - Shen, K. J.

AU - Siebert, M. R.

AU - Smith, C.

AU - Taggart, K.

AU - Tinyanont, S.

AU - Valdes, F.

AU - Villar, V. A.

AU - Wang, Q.

AU - Yadavalli, S. K.

AU - Zenati, Y.

AU - Zenteno, A.

PY - 2022/6/10

Y1 - 2022/6/10

N2 - We present panchromatic observations and modeling of calcium-strong supernovae (SNe) 2021gno in the star-forming host-galaxy NGC 4165 and 2021inl in the outskirts of elliptical galaxy NGC 4923, both monitored through the Young Supernova Experiment transient survey. The light curves of both, SNe show two peaks, the former peak being derived from shock cooling emission (SCE) and/or shock interaction with circumstellar material (CSM). The primary peak in SN 2021gno is coincident with luminous, rapidly decaying X-ray emission (L x = 5 × 1041 erg s-1) detected by Swift-XRT at δ t = 1 day after explosion, this observation being the second-ever detection of X-rays from a calcium-strong transient. We interpret the X-ray emission in the context of shock interaction with CSM that extends to r < 3 × 1014 cm. Based on X-ray modeling, we calculate a CSM mass M CSM = (0.3-1.6) × 10-3 M ⊙ and density n = (1-4) × 1010 cm-3. Radio nondetections indicate a low-density environment at larger radii (r > 1016 cm) and mass-loss rate of Ṁ<10-4 M ⊙ yr-1. SCE modeling of both primary light-curve peaks indicates an extended-progenitor envelope mass M e = 0.02-0.05 M ⊙ and radius R e = 30-230 R ⊙. The explosion properties suggest progenitor systems containing either a low-mass massive star or a white dwarf (WD), the former being unlikely given the lack of local star formation. Furthermore, the environments of both SNe are consistent with low-mass hybrid He/C/O WD + C/O WD mergers.

AB - We present panchromatic observations and modeling of calcium-strong supernovae (SNe) 2021gno in the star-forming host-galaxy NGC 4165 and 2021inl in the outskirts of elliptical galaxy NGC 4923, both monitored through the Young Supernova Experiment transient survey. The light curves of both, SNe show two peaks, the former peak being derived from shock cooling emission (SCE) and/or shock interaction with circumstellar material (CSM). The primary peak in SN 2021gno is coincident with luminous, rapidly decaying X-ray emission (L x = 5 × 1041 erg s-1) detected by Swift-XRT at δ t = 1 day after explosion, this observation being the second-ever detection of X-rays from a calcium-strong transient. We interpret the X-ray emission in the context of shock interaction with CSM that extends to r < 3 × 1014 cm. Based on X-ray modeling, we calculate a CSM mass M CSM = (0.3-1.6) × 10-3 M ⊙ and density n = (1-4) × 1010 cm-3. Radio nondetections indicate a low-density environment at larger radii (r > 1016 cm) and mass-loss rate of Ṁ<10-4 M ⊙ yr-1. SCE modeling of both primary light-curve peaks indicates an extended-progenitor envelope mass M e = 0.02-0.05 M ⊙ and radius R e = 30-230 R ⊙. The explosion properties suggest progenitor systems containing either a low-mass massive star or a white dwarf (WD), the former being unlikely given the lack of local star formation. Furthermore, the environments of both SNe are consistent with low-mass hybrid He/C/O WD + C/O WD mergers.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85133529223&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/ac67dc

DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/ac67dc

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85133529223

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 932

JO - The Astrophysical Journal

JF - The Astrophysical Journal

IS - 1

M1 - 58

ER -

The Circumstellar Environments of Double-peaked, Calcium-strong Transients 2021gno and 2021inl

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The Circumstellar Environments of Double-peaked, Calcium-strong Transients 2021gno and 2021inl

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