@article{f3cde6392ab4493fb913b14879c3b94c,
title = "The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Dynamical characterization of the multiple planet system GJ 1148 and prospects of habitable exomoons around GJ 1148 b",
abstract = "Context. GJ 1148 is an M-dwarf star hosting a planetary system composed of two Saturn-mass planets in eccentric orbits with periods of 41.38 and 532.02 days. Aims. We reanalyze the orbital configuration and dynamics of the GJ 1148 multi-planetary system based on new precise radial velocity measurements taken with CARMENES. Methods. We combined new and archival precise Doppler measurements from CARMENES with those available from HIRES for GJ 1148 and modeled these data with a self-consistent dynamical model. We studied the orbital dynamics of the system using the secular theory and direct N-body integrations. The prospects of potentially habitable moons around GJ 1148 b were examined. Results. The refined dynamical analyses show that the GJ 1148 system is long-term stable in a large phase-space of orbital parameters with an orbital configuration suggesting apsidal alignment, but not in any particular high-order mean-motion resonant commensurability. GJ 1148 b orbits inside the optimistic habitable zone (HZ). We find only a narrow stability region around the planet where exomoons can exist. However, in this stable region exomoons exhibit quick orbital decay due to tidal interaction with the planet. Conclusions. The GJ 1148 planetary system is a very rare M-dwarf planetary system consisting of a pair of gas giants, the inner of which resides in the HZ. We conclude that habitable exomoons around GJ 1148 b are very unlikely to exist. ",
keywords = "Planetary systems, Planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability, Stars: general, Stars: late-type, Stars: low-mass",
author = "T. Trifonov and Lee, {M. H.} and M. K{\"u}rster and Th Henning and E. Grishin and S. Stock and J. Tjoa and Caballero, {J. A.} and Wong, {K. H.} and Bauer, {F. F.} and A. Quirrenbach and M. Zechmeister and I. Ribas and S. Reffert and A. Reiners and Amado, {P. J.} and D. Kossakowski and M. Azzaro and B{\'e}jar, {V. J.S.} and M. Cort{\'e}s-Contreras and S. Dreizler and Hatzes, {A. P.} and Jeffers, {S. V.} and A. Kaminski and M. Lafarga and D. Montes and Morales, {J. C.} and A. Pavlov and C. Rodr{\'i}guez-L{\'o}pez and Schmitt, {J. H.M.M.} and E. Solano and R. Barnes",
note = "Funding Information: cA knolw edgemen. CARMENES is an instrument for the Centro Astron{\'o}mico Hispano-Alem{\'a}n de Calar Alto (CAHA, Almer{\'i}a, Spain). CARMENES is funded by the German Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient{\'i}ficas (CSIC), the European Union through FEDER/ERF FICTS-2011-02 funds, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut f{\"u}r Astronomie, Instituto de Astrof{\'i}sica de Andaluc{\'i}a, Landessternwarte K{\"o}nigstuhl, Institut de Ci{\`e}ncies de l{\textquoteright}Espai, Insi-tut f{\"u}r Astrophysik G{\"o}ttingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Th{\"u}ringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Instituto de Astrof{\'i}sica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de Astrobiolog{\'i}a and Centro Astron{\'o}mico Hispano-Alem{\'a}n), with additional contributions by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, the German Science Foundation (DFG), the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, the states of Baden-W{\"u}rttemberg and Niedersachsen, the DFG Research Unit FOR2544 ”Blue Planets around Red Stars, project RE 2694/4-1, and by the Junta de Andaluc{\'i}a. We acknowledge financial support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigaci{\'o}n of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci{\'o}n y Universidades and the European FEDER/ERF funds through projects AYA2016-79425-C3-1/2/3-P, AYA2015-69350-C3-2-P, ESP2017-87676-C5-2-R, ESP2017-87143-R, and the Centre of Excellence “Severo Ochoa” and “Mar{\'i}a de Maeztu” awards to the Instituto de Astrof{\'i}sica de Canarias (SEV-2015-0548), Instituto de Astrof{\'i}sica de Andaluc{\'i}a (SEV-2017-0709), and Centro de Astrobiolog{\'i}a (MDM-2017-0737) This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/ gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. M.H.L. and K.H.W. were supported in part by Hong Kong RGC grant HKU 17305618. R.B. was supported by the NASA Virtual Planetary Laboratory Team through Grant Number 80NSSC18K0829. T.H. acknowledges support from the European Research Council under the Horizon 2020 Frame-work Program via the ERC Advanced Grant Origins 83 24 28. T.T. thanks Alexandre Correia and Laetitia Rodet for helpful discussions. We thank the anonymous referee for the excellent comments that helped to improve the quality of this paper. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 T. Trifonov et al. Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2020",
month = jun,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/201936987",
language = "English",
volume = "638",
journal = "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
issn = "0004-6361",
publisher = "EDP Sciences",
}