The burden and prognostic significance of suspected sepsis in the prehospital setting: A state-wide population-based cohort study

Richard Chatoor, Praba Sekhar, Emily Mahony, Emily Nehme, Shelley Cox, Daniel Cudini, Jeffrey Shao, Karen Smith, David Anderson, Ziad Nehme, Andrew Udy

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleResearchpeer-review

Abstract

Objective: Despite high in-hospital mortality, the epidemiology of prehospital suspected sepsis presentations is not well described. This retrospective cohort study aimed to quantify the burden of such presentations, and to determine whether such a diagnosis was independently associated with longer-term mortality. Methods: Retrospective, observational population-based cohort study examining all adult prehospital presentations in Victoria, between January 2015 and June 2019, who required subsequent in-hospital assessment. Linked data were extracted from clinical and administrative datasets. Demographics, illness severity, prehospital treatment and mortality were compared between prehospital suspected sepsis and non-sepsis patients. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the adjusted association between prehospital assessment (suspected sepsis vs non-sepsis) and 6-month mortality. Results: A total of 1 218 047 patients were included. The age-adjusted incidence rate of prehospital suspected sepsis was 65 cases per 100 000 person-years. Those with prehospital suspected sepsis were older (74 vs 62 years), more frequently male (55% vs 47%), with greater physiological derangement. Intravenous cannulas were more often inserted prehospital (60% vs 29%). Crude in-hospital mortality was 6.5-fold higher in the prehospital suspected sepsis group (11.8% vs 1.8%), and by 6 months, 22.6% had died. After adjustment for demographics, illness severity, comorbidity, treatment and hospital location, a diagnosis of prehospital suspected sepsis was associated with a 35% higher likelihood of 6-month mortality (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.29–1.41). Conclusions: The burden of prehospital suspected sepsis in the Australian setting is significant, with paramedics identifying patients at high-risk of poor longer-term outcomes. This implies the need to consider improved care pathways for this highly vulnerable group.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)348-355
Number of pages8
JournalEMA - Emergency Medicine Australasia
Volume36
Issue number3
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jun 2024

Keywords

  • epidemiology
  • infection
  • prehospital
  • sepsis

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