TY - JOUR
T1 - The authentication and grading of edible bird’s nest by metabolite, nutritional, and mineral profiling
AU - Ibrahim, Ramlah Mohamad
AU - Nasir, Nurul Nadiah Mohamad
AU - Bakar, Md Zuki Abu
AU - Mahmud, Rozi
AU - Razak, Nor Asma Ab
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments: The authors are thankful to the Natural Medicine and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, UPM; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, UPM; Technical Services & Technology Commercialization Center, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) for providing infrastructure and technical support for the analysis done. We are grateful for the financial support from the Research Management Center of UPM.
Funding Information:
Funding: This research was funded by the Research Management Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) under Putra Grant—Putra Young Initiative (IPM) grant number: 9543900; 2017.
Funding Information:
This research was funded by the Research Management Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) under Putra Grant?Putra Young Initiative (IPM) grant number: 9543900; 2017.The authors are thankful to the Natural Medicine and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, UPM; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, UPM; Technical Services & Technology Commercialization Center, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) for providing infrastructure and technical support for the analysis done. We are grateful for the financial support from the Research Management Center of UPM.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/7
Y1 - 2021/7
N2 - Edible bird’s nest (EBN) produced by Aerodramus fuciphagus has a high demand for nutritional and medicinal application throughout the world. The present study was to evaluate the authentication of a man-made house EBN, which are half cup and stripe-shaped by FTIR. Next, both samples were compared according to their metabolite, nutritional, and mineral composition. The results indicated that the FTIR spectra of both EBN samples were identical and similar to the reference, suggesting the authenticity of the EBN used. The metabolites that contribute to the possible medicinal properties of EBN were found by using GC-MS. The results of the proximate analysis, followed by the standard AOAC method, inferred that both EBN shapes to be rich in crude protein and carbohydrate contents. However, the proximate composition between the half cup and stripe-shaped EBN showed significant differences. Major mineral elements detected were calcium and sodium, and magnesium contents were significantly different between both EBN. Additionally, the half cup and stripe-shaped EBN had a low level of heavy metal content than the maximum regulatory limit as set by the Malaysian Food Act 1983. This study concludes that the nutritional composition varied between the samples and thus suggests that nutrient content should be considered as criteria for the grading requirement of commercialized EBN.
AB - Edible bird’s nest (EBN) produced by Aerodramus fuciphagus has a high demand for nutritional and medicinal application throughout the world. The present study was to evaluate the authentication of a man-made house EBN, which are half cup and stripe-shaped by FTIR. Next, both samples were compared according to their metabolite, nutritional, and mineral composition. The results indicated that the FTIR spectra of both EBN samples were identical and similar to the reference, suggesting the authenticity of the EBN used. The metabolites that contribute to the possible medicinal properties of EBN were found by using GC-MS. The results of the proximate analysis, followed by the standard AOAC method, inferred that both EBN shapes to be rich in crude protein and carbohydrate contents. However, the proximate composition between the half cup and stripe-shaped EBN showed significant differences. Major mineral elements detected were calcium and sodium, and magnesium contents were significantly different between both EBN. Additionally, the half cup and stripe-shaped EBN had a low level of heavy metal content than the maximum regulatory limit as set by the Malaysian Food Act 1983. This study concludes that the nutritional composition varied between the samples and thus suggests that nutrient content should be considered as criteria for the grading requirement of commercialized EBN.
KW - Aerodramus fuciphagus
KW - Authentication
KW - Edible bird nest
KW - Food
KW - FTIR
KW - GC-MS
KW - Half cup
KW - Nutritional composition
KW - Stripe-shaped
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85110750951&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/foods10071574
DO - 10.3390/foods10071574
M3 - Article
C2 - 34359444
AN - SCOPUS:85110750951
SN - 2304-8158
VL - 10
JO - Foods
JF - Foods
IS - 7
M1 - 1574
ER -