The 2009-2010 step in atmospheric CO₂ interhemispheric difference

The annual average CO₂ difference between baseline data from Mauna Loa and the Southern Hemisphere increased by ∼ 0.8μmol^-1 (0.8ppm) between 2009 and 2010, a step unprecedented in over 50 years of reliable data. We find no evidence for coinciding, sufficiently large source and sink changes. A statistical anomaly is unlikely due to the highly systematic nature of the variation in observations. An explanation for the step, and the subsequent 5-year stability in this north-south difference, involves interhemispheric atmospheric exchange variation. The selected data describing this episode provide a critical test for studies that employ atmospheric transport models to interpret global carbon budgets and inform management of anthropogenic emissions.