@article{1dc2404acb6e4967b834db226eae7d9e,
title = "Targeting p38 or MK2 Enhances the Anti-Leukemic Activity of Smac-Mimetics",
abstract = "Birinapant is a smac-mimetic (SM) in clinical trials for treating cancer. SM antagonize inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins and simultaneously induce tumor necrosis factor (TNF) secretion to render cancers sensitive to TNF-induced killing. To enhance SM efficacy, we screened kinase inhibitors for their ability to increase TNF production of SM-treated cells. We showed that p38 inhibitors increased TNF induced by SM. Unexpectedly, even though p38 is required for Toll-like receptors to induce TNF, loss of p38 or its downstream kinase MK2 increased induction of TNF by SM. Hence, we show that the p38/MK2 axis can inhibit or promote TNF production, depending on the stimulus. Importantly, clinical p38 inhibitors overcame resistance of primary acute myeloid leukemia to birinapant. Lalaoui et al. show that inhibition of p38 or its downstream kinase MK2, in contrast to reducing Toll-like receptor-mediated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production, increases TNF production upon smac-mimetic (SM) treatment and enhances the anti-tumor efficacy of SM.",
author = "Najoua Lalaoui and Kay Hanggi and Gabriela Brumatti and Diep Chau and Nguyen, {Nhu-Y N} and Lazaros Vasilikos and Spilgies, {Lisanne M} and Heckmann, {Denise A} and Chunyan Ma and Margherita Ghisi and Salmon, {Jessica M} and Matthews, {Geoffrey M} and {de Valle}, Elisha and Moujalled, {Donia M} and Menon, {Manoj B} and Spall, {Sukhdeep Kaur} and Glaser, {Stefan P} and Jennifer Richmond and Lock, {Richard B} and Condon, {Stephen M} and Raffi Gugasyan and Matthias Gaestel and Mark Guthridge and Johnstone, {Ricky W} and Lenka Munoz and Andrew Wei and Ekert, {Paul G} and Vaux, {David L} and Wong, {W. Wei-Lynn} and John Silke",
year = "2016",
doi = "10.1016/j.ccell.2016.01.006",
language = "English",
volume = "29",
pages = "145 -- 158",
journal = "Cancer Cell",
issn = "1535-6108",
publisher = "Cell Press",
number = "2",
}