Synergistic infrared Co-pyrolysis for integrated resource Recovery: Gas-Induced metal extraction from spent lithium-ion batteries and bio-oil upgrading

Lithium batteries (LIBs) recycling and biomass utilization have been major environmental concerns. Gas-induced recovery faces challenges such as side reactions, long reaction times and organic interference. Fast recovery of spent lithium-ion batteries through infrared ex-pyrolysis and synchronized extraction is presented. This study showed that Li (lithium) extraction of 97.2 % could be achieved in 30 min without pressurization and acid leaching. Besides, side reactions of Co (cobalt)-catalyzed Fischer-Tropsch synthesis leading to methane production and ethane overconsumption were observed in the reduction reactor. The LiCoO₂-centered, CoO-coated porous structure significantly increased porosity, adsorbed reducing gases, and improved reduction efficiency. Lastly, a strong synergistic effect of the biomass and coal leading to a decrease in H₂ yield has also been observed. This method employs biomass and coal as gas supply precursors to transfer oxygen from the methoxy group in guaiacol to the gas phase during the secondary pyrolysis, instead of forming phenols. Importantly, the extraction efficiency is increased and the bio-oil quality is improved. These findings would provide insights into spent battery recycling and offer guidance for biomass treatment.