Solar PV Integration in IEEE 69-Bus System Using Political Optimizer

This research investigates the optimal positioning and sizing of photovoltaic (PV) distributed generation (DG) units in a radial distribution network using an innovative metaheuristic approach known as the Political Optimizer (PO). The IEEE 69-bus system is utilized as a testing ground to evaluate the algorithm's effectiveness. The goal is to minimize real power losses and voltage fluctuations by strategically integrating solar PV systems at the most beneficial locations. The performance of PO is compared against two wellestablished algorithms: the Dandelion Optimizer (DO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). In the baseline scenario featuring a single PV unit, PO demonstrated superior performance, achieving the lowest objective function value of 0.081694 and selecting Bus 61, which has the highest load, as the optimal site for placement. Further evaluations involving 30 independent runs for a configuration with three PV units validated the reliability and robustness of PO, exhibiting minimal standard deviation in the results. The identified buses 61,42, and 56 illustrate PO's capability to pinpoint strategically advantageous locations based on electrical considerations rather than solely local load requirements. These findings emphasize PO's potential as a reliable tool for the planning of renewable energy integration within intelligent distribution networks.