Social exclusion and official recognition for Hijra in Bangladesh

Abdul Aziz, Sameena Azhar

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleResearchpeer-review

Abstract

This research study investigated the processes of social exclusion and legal recognition of hijra in Dhaka, Bangladesh, focusing on experiences in accessing work and health services. The goal of this study was to explore how official recognition of hijra as a third gender shaped experiences of social exclusion, following the passing of a new policy allowing individuals to legally register as a third gender. Fifteen interviews were conducted with hijra and five interviews were conducted with key informants. Thematic analyses of interviews
were conducted to better understand processes of social exclusion of hijra. Findings demonstrate that while the Bangladeshi government reports that they officially recognize hijra as a third gender group, hijra have not actually been able to legally register under this category at local government offices. Additionally, systemic discrimination prevents them from being able to find gainful employment or fully access health services. Without legal
protections for their civil rights, hijra lack the ability to make legal claims of discrimination. These findings suggest that: (1) increased vocational and training opportunities should be offered to hijra, (2) healthcare providers who interact with hijra in medical settings require greater sensitization to work with this community, and (3) legal advocacy is needed to ensure the protection of hijra’s civil rights, including their ability to legally register as a third gender person and change their legal names, as is currently allowed by Bangladeshi law.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)3-19
Number of pages17
JournalJournal of Research on Women and Gender
Volume9
Publication statusPublished - 2019
Externally publishedYes

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