TY - JOUR
T1 - Shear assisted electrochemical exfoliation of graphite to graphene
AU - Shinde, Dhanraj B.
AU - Brenker, Jason
AU - Easton, Christopher D.
AU - Tabor, Rico F.
AU - Neild, Adrian
AU - Majumder, Mainak
PY - 2016/4/26
Y1 - 2016/4/26
N2 - The exfoliation characteristics of graphite as a function of applied anodic potential (1-10V) in combination with shear field (400- 74 400 s-1) have been studied in a custom-designed microfluidic reactor. Systematic investigation by atomic force microscopy (AFM) indicates that at higher potentials thicker and more fragmented graphene sheets are obtained, while at potentials as low as 1 V, pronounced exfoliation is triggered by the influence of shear. The shear-assisted electrochemical exfoliation process yields large (∼10 μm) graphene flakes with a high proportion of single, bilayer, and trilayer graphene and small ID/IG ratio (0.21-0.32) with only a small contribution from carbonoxygen species as demonstrated by Xray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. This method comprises intercalation of sulfate ions followed by exfoliation using shear induced by a flowing electrolyte. Our findings on the crucial role of hydrodynamics in accentuating the exfoliation efficiency suggest a safer, greener, and more automated method for production of high quality graphene from graphite.
AB - The exfoliation characteristics of graphite as a function of applied anodic potential (1-10V) in combination with shear field (400- 74 400 s-1) have been studied in a custom-designed microfluidic reactor. Systematic investigation by atomic force microscopy (AFM) indicates that at higher potentials thicker and more fragmented graphene sheets are obtained, while at potentials as low as 1 V, pronounced exfoliation is triggered by the influence of shear. The shear-assisted electrochemical exfoliation process yields large (∼10 μm) graphene flakes with a high proportion of single, bilayer, and trilayer graphene and small ID/IG ratio (0.21-0.32) with only a small contribution from carbonoxygen species as demonstrated by Xray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. This method comprises intercalation of sulfate ions followed by exfoliation using shear induced by a flowing electrolyte. Our findings on the crucial role of hydrodynamics in accentuating the exfoliation efficiency suggest a safer, greener, and more automated method for production of high quality graphene from graphite.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84964434429
U2 - 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04209
DO - 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04209
M3 - Article
SN - 0743-7463
VL - 32
SP - 3552
EP - 3559
JO - Langmuir
JF - Langmuir
IS - 14
ER -