Shear assisted electrochemical exfoliation of graphite to graphene

Dhanraj B. Shinde; Jason  Brenker; Christopher D. Easton; Rico F. Tabor; Adrian Neild; Mainak Majumder

doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04209

Shear assisted electrochemical exfoliation of graphite to graphene

Dhanraj B. Shinde, Jason Brenker, Christopher D. Easton, Rico F. Tabor, Adrian Neild, Mainak Majumder

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49 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The exfoliation characteristics of graphite as a function of applied anodic potential (1-10V) in combination with shear field (400- 74 400 s^-1) have been studied in a custom-designed microfluidic reactor. Systematic investigation by atomic force microscopy (AFM) indicates that at higher potentials thicker and more fragmented graphene sheets are obtained, while at potentials as low as 1 V, pronounced exfoliation is triggered by the influence of shear. The shear-assisted electrochemical exfoliation process yields large (∼10 μm) graphene flakes with a high proportion of single, bilayer, and trilayer graphene and small I_D/I_G ratio (0.21-0.32) with only a small contribution from carbonoxygen species as demonstrated by Xray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. This method comprises intercalation of sulfate ions followed by exfoliation using shear induced by a flowing electrolyte. Our findings on the crucial role of hydrodynamics in accentuating the exfoliation efficiency suggest a safer, greener, and more automated method for production of high quality graphene from graphite.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	3552-3559
Number of pages	8
Journal	Langmuir
Volume	32
Issue number	14
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04209
Publication status	Published - 26 Apr 2016

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Cite this

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title = "Shear assisted electrochemical exfoliation of graphite to graphene",

abstract = "The exfoliation characteristics of graphite as a function of applied anodic potential (1-10V) in combination with shear field (400- 74 400 s-1) have been studied in a custom-designed microfluidic reactor. Systematic investigation by atomic force microscopy (AFM) indicates that at higher potentials thicker and more fragmented graphene sheets are obtained, while at potentials as low as 1 V, pronounced exfoliation is triggered by the influence of shear. The shear-assisted electrochemical exfoliation process yields large (∼10 μm) graphene flakes with a high proportion of single, bilayer, and trilayer graphene and small ID/IG ratio (0.21-0.32) with only a small contribution from carbonoxygen species as demonstrated by Xray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. This method comprises intercalation of sulfate ions followed by exfoliation using shear induced by a flowing electrolyte. Our findings on the crucial role of hydrodynamics in accentuating the exfoliation efficiency suggest a safer, greener, and more automated method for production of high quality graphene from graphite.",

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T1 - Shear assisted electrochemical exfoliation of graphite to graphene

AU - Shinde, Dhanraj B.

AU - Brenker, Jason

AU - Easton, Christopher D.

AU - Tabor, Rico F.

AU - Neild, Adrian

AU - Majumder, Mainak

PY - 2016/4/26

Y1 - 2016/4/26

N2 - The exfoliation characteristics of graphite as a function of applied anodic potential (1-10V) in combination with shear field (400- 74 400 s-1) have been studied in a custom-designed microfluidic reactor. Systematic investigation by atomic force microscopy (AFM) indicates that at higher potentials thicker and more fragmented graphene sheets are obtained, while at potentials as low as 1 V, pronounced exfoliation is triggered by the influence of shear. The shear-assisted electrochemical exfoliation process yields large (∼10 μm) graphene flakes with a high proportion of single, bilayer, and trilayer graphene and small ID/IG ratio (0.21-0.32) with only a small contribution from carbonoxygen species as demonstrated by Xray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. This method comprises intercalation of sulfate ions followed by exfoliation using shear induced by a flowing electrolyte. Our findings on the crucial role of hydrodynamics in accentuating the exfoliation efficiency suggest a safer, greener, and more automated method for production of high quality graphene from graphite.

AB - The exfoliation characteristics of graphite as a function of applied anodic potential (1-10V) in combination with shear field (400- 74 400 s-1) have been studied in a custom-designed microfluidic reactor. Systematic investigation by atomic force microscopy (AFM) indicates that at higher potentials thicker and more fragmented graphene sheets are obtained, while at potentials as low as 1 V, pronounced exfoliation is triggered by the influence of shear. The shear-assisted electrochemical exfoliation process yields large (∼10 μm) graphene flakes with a high proportion of single, bilayer, and trilayer graphene and small ID/IG ratio (0.21-0.32) with only a small contribution from carbonoxygen species as demonstrated by Xray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. This method comprises intercalation of sulfate ions followed by exfoliation using shear induced by a flowing electrolyte. Our findings on the crucial role of hydrodynamics in accentuating the exfoliation efficiency suggest a safer, greener, and more automated method for production of high quality graphene from graphite.

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