TY - JOUR
T1 - Sex differences in total cholesterol of Vietnamese adults
AU - Tran, Nga Thi Thu
AU - Blizzard, Christopher Leigh
AU - Luong, Khue Ngoc
AU - Van Ngoc Truong, Ngoc Le
AU - Tran, Bao Quoc
AU - Otahal, Petr
AU - Nelson, Mark R.
AU - Magnussen, Costan G.
AU - Van Bui, Tan
AU - Srikanth, Velandai
AU - Au, Thuy Bich
AU - Ha, Son Thai
AU - Phung, Hai Ngoc
AU - Tran, Mai Hoang
AU - Callisaya, Michele
AU - Gall, Seana
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding:Yes.ThisworkwassupportedbyThe AtlanticPhilanthropiesInc,UnitedStates(grant numberG0015338).NTTTissupportedbya TasmaniaGraduateResearchScholarship.LBwas supportedbyaNationalHealthandMedical ResearchCouncilCareerDevelopmentFellowship. SLGissupportedbyaNationalHeartFoundationof AustraliaFutureLeaderFellowship(FLF100446). MCissupportedbyaNationalHealthandMedical ResearchCouncilBoostingDementiaLeadership ResearchFellowship(APP1135761).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Tran et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/8
Y1 - 2021/8
N2 - Background The mid-life emergence of higher levels of total cholesterol (TC) for women than for men has been observed in different Western and Asian populations. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is evidence of this in Vietnam and, if so, whether it can be explained by ageing, by body size and fatness, or by socio-demographic characteristics and behavioural factors. Methods Participants (n = 14706, 50.9% females) aged 25-64 years were selected by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling from eight provinces each representing one of the eight geographical regions of Vietnam. Measurements were made using the World Health Organization STEPS protocols. Linear regression was used to assess the independent contributions of potential explanatory factors to mean levels of TC. Data were analysed using complex survey methods. Results Men and women had similar mean levels of body mass index (BMI), and men had modestly higher mean levels of waist circumference (WC), in each 5-year age category. The mean TC of women increased more or less continuously across the age range but with a step-up at age 50 years to reach higher concentrations on average than those of their male counterparts. The estimated step-up was not eliminated by adjustment for anthropometric indices including BMI or WC, or by adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics or behavioural factors. The estimated step-up was least for women with the greatest weight. Conclusion There is a marked step-up in TC at age 50 years for Vietnamese women that cannot be explained by their age, or by their body fatness or its distribution, or by their socio-demographic characteristics or behavioural factors, and which results in greater mean levels of TC for middle-aged women than for their male counterparts in Vietnam.
AB - Background The mid-life emergence of higher levels of total cholesterol (TC) for women than for men has been observed in different Western and Asian populations. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is evidence of this in Vietnam and, if so, whether it can be explained by ageing, by body size and fatness, or by socio-demographic characteristics and behavioural factors. Methods Participants (n = 14706, 50.9% females) aged 25-64 years were selected by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling from eight provinces each representing one of the eight geographical regions of Vietnam. Measurements were made using the World Health Organization STEPS protocols. Linear regression was used to assess the independent contributions of potential explanatory factors to mean levels of TC. Data were analysed using complex survey methods. Results Men and women had similar mean levels of body mass index (BMI), and men had modestly higher mean levels of waist circumference (WC), in each 5-year age category. The mean TC of women increased more or less continuously across the age range but with a step-up at age 50 years to reach higher concentrations on average than those of their male counterparts. The estimated step-up was not eliminated by adjustment for anthropometric indices including BMI or WC, or by adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics or behavioural factors. The estimated step-up was least for women with the greatest weight. Conclusion There is a marked step-up in TC at age 50 years for Vietnamese women that cannot be explained by their age, or by their body fatness or its distribution, or by their socio-demographic characteristics or behavioural factors, and which results in greater mean levels of TC for middle-aged women than for their male counterparts in Vietnam.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85113278532
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0256589
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0256589
M3 - Article
C2 - 34415963
AN - SCOPUS:85113278532
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 16
JO - PLoS ONE
JF - PLoS ONE
IS - 8
M1 - e0256589
ER -