TY - JOUR
T1 - Sex differences in the association of Vitamin D and metabolic risk factors with carotid intima-media thickness in obese adolescents
AU - Murni, Indah K.
AU - Sulistyoningrum, Dian C.
AU - Gasevic, Danijela
AU - Susilowati, Rina
AU - Julia, Madarina
N1 - Funding Information:
we declare that the study was funded by the Indonesian Pediatric Society and Frisian Flag Indonesia (355/Legal/FFI/XII/2014). There was no additional external funding received for this study. We would like to thank the Indonesian Pediatric Association Committee and Frisian Flag Indonesia (subsidiary of Friesland Campina) for funding this project. We also gratefully acknowledge Erik C Hookom for providing the editorial assistance.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Murni et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/10
Y1 - 2021/10
N2 - Background It has been shown that vitamin D is associated with obesity and the development of atherosclerosis. Less is known about this association among adolescents with obesity. Objectives To determine the association of vitamin D level and metabolic risk factors with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) among obese adolescents. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among obese children aged 15 to 17 years in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The association of vitamin D and other metabolic risk factors (triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and insulin resistance using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)) with CIMT was explored by multivariable linear regression models. Results Out of 156 obese adolescents, 55.8% were boys. Compared to girls, boys had higher BMI z-score, waist circumference, and HDL-cholesterol. After adjustment for age, sex and second-hand smoke exposure, high HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels were associated with higher odds of elevated CIMT. In analyses stratified by sex, a similar trend was observed in boys, while none of the risk factors were associated with CIMT in girls. We observed no association between vitamin D and CIMT. Conclusions Hyperinsulinemia, higher total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were associated with greater odds of elevated CIMT among obese adolescent boys.
AB - Background It has been shown that vitamin D is associated with obesity and the development of atherosclerosis. Less is known about this association among adolescents with obesity. Objectives To determine the association of vitamin D level and metabolic risk factors with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) among obese adolescents. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among obese children aged 15 to 17 years in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The association of vitamin D and other metabolic risk factors (triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and insulin resistance using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)) with CIMT was explored by multivariable linear regression models. Results Out of 156 obese adolescents, 55.8% were boys. Compared to girls, boys had higher BMI z-score, waist circumference, and HDL-cholesterol. After adjustment for age, sex and second-hand smoke exposure, high HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels were associated with higher odds of elevated CIMT. In analyses stratified by sex, a similar trend was observed in boys, while none of the risk factors were associated with CIMT in girls. We observed no association between vitamin D and CIMT. Conclusions Hyperinsulinemia, higher total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were associated with greater odds of elevated CIMT among obese adolescent boys.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85117340953&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0258617
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0258617
M3 - Article
C2 - 34653200
AN - SCOPUS:85117340953
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 16
JO - PLoS ONE
JF - PLoS ONE
IS - 10
M1 - e0258617
ER -
