TY - JOUR
T1 - Sex-Based Differences in Risk Factors and Complications of Chronic Kidney Disease
AU - Wyld, Melanie L.R.
AU - Mata, Nicole L.De La
AU - Viecelli, Andrea
AU - Swaminathan, Ramyasuda
AU - O'Sullivan, Kim M.
AU - O'Lone, Emma
AU - Rowlandson, Matthew
AU - Francis, Anna
AU - Wyburn, Kate
AU - Webster, Angela C.
N1 - Funding Information:
Financial disclosure and conflict of interest statements: none.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2022/3
Y1 - 2022/3
N2 - Globally, females are ∼30% more likely to have pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) than males for reasons that are not fully understood. CKD is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes which makes understanding and working to eradicating sex based disparities in CKD prevalence essential. This review maps both what is known, and what is unknown, about the way sex and gender impacts (1) the epidemiology and risk factors for CKD including age, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, smoking, and cerebrovascular disease, and (2) the complications from CKD including kidney disease progression, cardiovascular disease, CKD mineral and bone disorders, anaemia, quality-of-life, cancer and mortality. This mapping can be used to guide future research.
AB - Globally, females are ∼30% more likely to have pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) than males for reasons that are not fully understood. CKD is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes which makes understanding and working to eradicating sex based disparities in CKD prevalence essential. This review maps both what is known, and what is unknown, about the way sex and gender impacts (1) the epidemiology and risk factors for CKD including age, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, smoking, and cerebrovascular disease, and (2) the complications from CKD including kidney disease progression, cardiovascular disease, CKD mineral and bone disorders, anaemia, quality-of-life, cancer and mortality. This mapping can be used to guide future research.
KW - chronic kidney disease
KW - disparities
KW - gender
KW - sex
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85131353478&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2022.04.006
DO - 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2022.04.006
M3 - Review Article
C2 - 35718363
AN - SCOPUS:85131353478
SN - 0270-9295
VL - 42
SP - 153
EP - 169
JO - Seminars in Nephrology
JF - Seminars in Nephrology
IS - 2
ER -