Sex-Based Differences in Risk Factors and Complications of Chronic Kidney Disease

Melanie L.R. Wyld, Nicole L.De La Mata, Andrea Viecelli, Ramyasuda Swaminathan, Kim M. O'Sullivan, Emma O'Lone, Matthew Rowlandson, Anna Francis, Kate Wyburn, Angela C. Webster

Research output: Contribution to journalReview ArticleResearchpeer-review

19 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Globally, females are ∼30% more likely to have pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) than males for reasons that are not fully understood. CKD is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes which makes understanding and working to eradicating sex based disparities in CKD prevalence essential. This review maps both what is known, and what is unknown, about the way sex and gender impacts (1) the epidemiology and risk factors for CKD including age, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, smoking, and cerebrovascular disease, and (2) the complications from CKD including kidney disease progression, cardiovascular disease, CKD mineral and bone disorders, anaemia, quality-of-life, cancer and mortality. This mapping can be used to guide future research.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)153-169
Number of pages17
JournalSeminars in Nephrology
Volume42
Issue number2
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Mar 2022

Keywords

  • chronic kidney disease
  • disparities
  • gender
  • sex

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