TY - JOUR
T1 - Segmental aqueous humour outflow and eye orientation have strong influence on ocular drug delivery
AU - Loke, Chai Y.
AU - Ooi, Ean H.
AU - Salahudeen, Mohmed S.
AU - Ramli, Norlina
AU - Samsudin, Amir
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from the Ministry of Education Malaysia through the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) under the project FRGS/2/2014/SG02/MUSM/02/1 . The authors would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers whose comments have no doubt helped to improve the contents of this paper.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier Inc.
Copyright:
Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2018/5
Y1 - 2018/5
N2 - The present study is motivated by the recent concerns raised over the existence of segmental outflow and its implications on ocular drug delivery. A 3D model of the human eye is developed, where hydrodynamic and mass transport analyses after eye drop instillation, are carried out. To model segmental outflow, the permeability of the trabecular meshwork (TM) is assumed to vary spatially following a rectangular function. The choice of the rectangular function is based on the results from the tracer distribution study of Chang et al., 2014. Results from the numerical simulations show that segmental outflow causes the majority of the available drugs to egress through the active region, while non-active region experiences very minimal drug exposure. This supports the experimental findings of Chang et al. Additionally, it was found that eye orientation can affect the delivery of ophthalmic drugs by influencing the aqueous humour hydrodynamics. The results obtained here suggest that there may be a need to re-evaluate the design of ocular drug delivery system by taking into consideration the effects of segmental outflow and eye orientation.
AB - The present study is motivated by the recent concerns raised over the existence of segmental outflow and its implications on ocular drug delivery. A 3D model of the human eye is developed, where hydrodynamic and mass transport analyses after eye drop instillation, are carried out. To model segmental outflow, the permeability of the trabecular meshwork (TM) is assumed to vary spatially following a rectangular function. The choice of the rectangular function is based on the results from the tracer distribution study of Chang et al., 2014. Results from the numerical simulations show that segmental outflow causes the majority of the available drugs to egress through the active region, while non-active region experiences very minimal drug exposure. This supports the experimental findings of Chang et al. Additionally, it was found that eye orientation can affect the delivery of ophthalmic drugs by influencing the aqueous humour hydrodynamics. The results obtained here suggest that there may be a need to re-evaluate the design of ocular drug delivery system by taking into consideration the effects of segmental outflow and eye orientation.
KW - Aqueous humor hydrodynamics
KW - Glaucoma
KW - Ophthalmic drugs
KW - Pharmacokinetics
KW - Topical eye drops
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85042109019&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.apm.2018.01.007
DO - 10.1016/j.apm.2018.01.007
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85042109019
SN - 0307-904X
VL - 57
SP - 474
EP - 491
JO - Applied Mathematical Modelling
JF - Applied Mathematical Modelling
ER -