Safety of TMS as an assessment tool

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive tool for assessment of brain function in health and disease. It can also be used as a therapeutic tool in many psychological and neurological conditions. TMS as an assessment tool usually uses single or paired-pulse paradigms, and although it is considered as a safe technique, it is not without risks to the individuals. Hence, due to widespread use of TMS in recent decades, it is essential to better understand its potential risks, the predisposing risk factors, and the ways to minimise these risks. This chapter also provides a list of TMS side and adverse effects with the underlying mechanisms for each effect. Besides, a list of contraindications and recommendations for optimal use of TMS is also presented. This chapter also briefly describes the possible risks of TMS in children, pregnant women, patients with neurological conditions and TMS operators. Finally, ethical and regulatory requirements for application of TMS are also briefly described in this chapter.