Rise of 2D materials-based membranes for desalination

Novel 2D materials-based membranes are a promising candidate for next-generation nanofiltration and desalination technologies. Over the last few years, progress in this field allowed fine-tuning the porosity of these membranes down to exclude the smallest dissolved ions such as sodium. With that, creating such sub-nanometer pores is possible in novel 2D materials-based membranes. In this article, we want to highlight some critical filtration parameters, such as characterizing the salt rejection at high hydraulic pressures and relevant feed salt concentrations. Moreover, we propose to use best-practice methods that can speed up the industrialization of 2D materials-based membranes for next-generation technologies. We want to suggest the next steps towards real-world application and ensure comparability among different studies. This will allow tracking the progress of 2D materials-based membranes to ultimately achieve sustainable water solutions.