Renoprotective activity of anethole- rich fraction from aromatic herbs on junk food induced diabetic nephropathy in rats

Purpose: This study was carried out to study the effect of anethole rich fraction on the Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) rats, and explore the mechanisms. Methods: Male wistar rats were grouped into 4 (n = 6 per group): Control, junk food fed DN induced rats, low dose and high dose groups. DN was induced by oral junk food feeding. They were monitored for blood glucose levels and urine protein content at regular intervals. At the end of the study, the biological and hematological parameters were measured. Pancreatic and kidney viscera were taken to observe histopathological changes. Results: Both the doses of anethole rich fraction could drastically lower blood glucose levels, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Glycated Serum Protein (GSP), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG) (P < 0.01), Malondialdehyde (MDA) level (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), increases insulin level (P < 0.01), High Density Lipoproteins (HDL), Glutathione Reductase (GSH) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05 or P > 0.05). Both doses of anethole rich fraction also improved the pathological changes of kidney and pancreatic tissues in DN rats (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05 or P > 0.05). Conclusions: Hence it can be hypothesized that the high dose of anethole rich fraction (100 mg/kg) could reach the intervention effect and could ameliorate renal damage in DN rats by improving the renal functions, oxidative stress levels, glycometabolism and pathological changes of pancreas and kidney.