TY - JOUR
T1 - Relativistic Astronomy. III. Test of Special Relativity via Doppler Effect
AU - Yang, Yuan Pei
AU - Zhu, Jin Ping
AU - Zhang, Bing
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
PY - 2019/10/1
Y1 - 2019/10/1
N2 - The "Breakthrough Starshot" program is planning to send transrelativistic probes to travel to nearby stellar systems within decades. Because the probe velocity is designed to be a good fraction of the light speed, Zhang & Li recently proposed that these transrelativistic probes can be used to study astronomical objects and to test special relativity. In this work, we propose some methods to test special relativity and constrain photon mass using the Doppler effect with the images and spectral features of astronomical objects as observed in the transrelativistic probes. We introduce more general theories to set up the framework of testing special relativity, including the parametric general Doppler effect and the Doppler effect with massive photons. We find that by comparing the spectra of a certain astronomical object, one can test Lorentz invariance and constrain photon mass. Additionally, using the imaging and spectrograph capabilities of transrelativistic probes, one can test time dilation and constrain photon mass. For a transrelativistic probe with velocity v ∼ 0.2c, aperture D ∼ 3.5 cm, and spectral resolution R ∼ 100 (or 1000), we find that the probe velocity uncertainty can be constrained to σ v ∼ 0.01c (or 0.001c), and the time dilation factor uncertainty can be constrained to Δγ =|γ-γ| ≲ 0.01 (or 0.001), where γ is the time dilation factor and γ is the Lorentz factor. Meanwhile, the photon mass limit is set to m γ ≲ 10-33 g, which is slightly lower than the energy of the optical photon.
AB - The "Breakthrough Starshot" program is planning to send transrelativistic probes to travel to nearby stellar systems within decades. Because the probe velocity is designed to be a good fraction of the light speed, Zhang & Li recently proposed that these transrelativistic probes can be used to study astronomical objects and to test special relativity. In this work, we propose some methods to test special relativity and constrain photon mass using the Doppler effect with the images and spectral features of astronomical objects as observed in the transrelativistic probes. We introduce more general theories to set up the framework of testing special relativity, including the parametric general Doppler effect and the Doppler effect with massive photons. We find that by comparing the spectra of a certain astronomical object, one can test Lorentz invariance and constrain photon mass. Additionally, using the imaging and spectrograph capabilities of transrelativistic probes, one can test time dilation and constrain photon mass. For a transrelativistic probe with velocity v ∼ 0.2c, aperture D ∼ 3.5 cm, and spectral resolution R ∼ 100 (or 1000), we find that the probe velocity uncertainty can be constrained to σ v ∼ 0.01c (or 0.001c), and the time dilation factor uncertainty can be constrained to Δγ =|γ-γ| ≲ 0.01 (or 0.001), where γ is the time dilation factor and γ is the Lorentz factor. Meanwhile, the photon mass limit is set to m γ ≲ 10-33 g, which is slightly lower than the energy of the optical photon.
KW - methods: Observational
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85073697736&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/ab3a3d
DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/ab3a3d
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85073697736
SN - 0004-637X
VL - 883
JO - The Astrophysical Journal
JF - The Astrophysical Journal
IS - 2
M1 - 159
ER -