TY - JOUR
T1 - Regulation of dhurrin pathway gene expression during Sorghum bicolor development
AU - Gleadow, Roslyn M.
AU - McKinley, Brian A.
AU - Blomstedt, Cecilia K.
AU - Lamb, Austin C.
AU - Møller, Birger Lindberg
AU - Mullet, John E.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was funded in part by the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science DE-SC0018409) to JM, by an Australian Research Council Discovery Project DP180101011 to RMG and BLM and by a Novo Nordisk Foundation Distinguished Investigator Grant NNF 0054563 to BLM. We thank Alicia Quinn for assistance with measuring dhurrin concentrations. We thank Ka Man Jasmine Yu for preparing tissue and RNA for analysis of gene expression in TX08001 phytomers.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s).
PY - 2021/12
Y1 - 2021/12
N2 - Main conclusion: Developmental and organ-specific expression of genes in dhurrin biosynthesis, bio-activation, and recycling offers dynamic metabolic responses optimizing growth and defence responses in Sorghum. Abstract: Plant defence models evaluate the costs and benefits of resource investments at different stages in the life cycle. Poor understanding of the molecular regulation of defence deployment and remobilization hampers accuracy of the predictions. Cyanogenic glucosides, such as dhurrin are phytoanticipins that release hydrogen cyanide upon bio-activation. In this study, RNA-seq was used to investigate the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis, bio-activation and recycling of dhurrin in Sorghum bicolor. Genes involved in dhurrin biosynthesis were highly expressed in all young developing vegetative tissues (leaves, leaf sheath, roots, stems), tiller buds and imbibing seeds and showed gene specific peaks of expression in leaves during diel cycles. Genes involved in dhurrin bio-activation were expressed early in organ development with organ-specific expression patterns. Genes involved in recycling were expressed at similar levels in the different organ during development, although post-floral initiation when nutrients are remobilized for grain filling, expression of GSTL1 decreased > tenfold in leaves and NITB2 increased > tenfold in stems. Results are consistent with the establishment of a pre-emptive defence in young tissues and regulated recycling related to organ senescence and increased demand for nitrogen during grain filling. This detailed characterization of the transcriptional regulation of dhurrin biosynthesis, bioactivation and remobilization genes during organ and plant development will aid elucidation of gene regulatory networks and signalling pathways that modulate gene expression and dhurrin levels. In-depth knowledge of dhurrin metabolism could improve the yield, nitrogen use efficiency and stress resilience of Sorghum.
AB - Main conclusion: Developmental and organ-specific expression of genes in dhurrin biosynthesis, bio-activation, and recycling offers dynamic metabolic responses optimizing growth and defence responses in Sorghum. Abstract: Plant defence models evaluate the costs and benefits of resource investments at different stages in the life cycle. Poor understanding of the molecular regulation of defence deployment and remobilization hampers accuracy of the predictions. Cyanogenic glucosides, such as dhurrin are phytoanticipins that release hydrogen cyanide upon bio-activation. In this study, RNA-seq was used to investigate the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis, bio-activation and recycling of dhurrin in Sorghum bicolor. Genes involved in dhurrin biosynthesis were highly expressed in all young developing vegetative tissues (leaves, leaf sheath, roots, stems), tiller buds and imbibing seeds and showed gene specific peaks of expression in leaves during diel cycles. Genes involved in dhurrin bio-activation were expressed early in organ development with organ-specific expression patterns. Genes involved in recycling were expressed at similar levels in the different organ during development, although post-floral initiation when nutrients are remobilized for grain filling, expression of GSTL1 decreased > tenfold in leaves and NITB2 increased > tenfold in stems. Results are consistent with the establishment of a pre-emptive defence in young tissues and regulated recycling related to organ senescence and increased demand for nitrogen during grain filling. This detailed characterization of the transcriptional regulation of dhurrin biosynthesis, bioactivation and remobilization genes during organ and plant development will aid elucidation of gene regulatory networks and signalling pathways that modulate gene expression and dhurrin levels. In-depth knowledge of dhurrin metabolism could improve the yield, nitrogen use efficiency and stress resilience of Sorghum.
KW - Cyanogenic glucosides
KW - Diel cycle
KW - Hydrogen cyanide
KW - Ontogeny
KW - Plant defence
KW - RNA-seq
KW - Sorghum bicolor
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85118923323&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00425-021-03774-2
DO - 10.1007/s00425-021-03774-2
M3 - Article
C2 - 34762174
AN - SCOPUS:85118923323
SN - 0032-0935
VL - 254
JO - Planta
JF - Planta
IS - 6
M1 - 119
ER -