Recent studies on electrospinning preparation of patterned, core–shell, and aligned scaffolds

Electrospinning is one of the most important ways to prepare continuous, high porosity, large specific surface area, and uniform diameter micro- and nanoscale fibers. So, it has been widely used in the preparation of micro/nano-sized polymer scaffolds for tissue engineering in recent years. In addition to the versatility in material selection and the processing variables, electrospinning also provides a lot of methods to regulate fiber structure and scaffolds morphology. For example, the near-field electrospinning can provide a method to solve the problem of uncontrollable fiber path; the melt electrospinning eliminates the risk of solvent residue in the construct; the addition of different auxiliary electrodes can make the fiber patterned. This review introduces the underlying principle and characteristics of above electrospinning applied in biomedicine. Herein, we highlight a comprehensive understanding of the technical aspect of this technology for versatile fibers with patterned, core–shell and aligned morphology.