TY - JOUR
T1 - Recent advances in type 1 diabetes
AU - Kyi, Mervyn
AU - Wentworth, John M.
AU - Nankervis, Alison J.
AU - Fourlanos, Spiros
AU - Colman, Peter G.
PY - 2015/10
Y1 - 2015/10
N2 - • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by an autoimmune attack on pancreatic beta cells that leads to insulin deficiency. • The incidence of T1D in Australia has doubled over the past 20 years. • T1D treatment focuses on physiological insulin replacement, aiming for near-normal blood glucose levels. • Hypoglycaemia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in T1D. • Optimal T1D management is complex, and is enhanced by empowering individuals in all aspects of managing diabetes. • Newtechnologies, including insulin pumps, continuous glucose monitors and sensor-augmented pumps, can assist people achieve better glycaemic control and reduce the risk of severe hypoglycaemia. • Women with T1D can achieve significantly better outcomes during pregnancy and for their infants by planning for their pregnancy and by intensive glycaemic control. • Several trials are underway that seek to identify the determinants of autoimmunity and to develop therapies that prevent T1D in at-risk individuals. • Pancreatic and islet cell transplants are proven therapies, but are only offered to individuals with diabetes and renal failure (pancreas) or severe hypoglycaemia unawareness (islet cell transplants). • Although T1D is still associated with considerable premature mortality, recent findings show that a significant improvement in life expectancy has occurred.
AB - • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by an autoimmune attack on pancreatic beta cells that leads to insulin deficiency. • The incidence of T1D in Australia has doubled over the past 20 years. • T1D treatment focuses on physiological insulin replacement, aiming for near-normal blood glucose levels. • Hypoglycaemia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in T1D. • Optimal T1D management is complex, and is enhanced by empowering individuals in all aspects of managing diabetes. • Newtechnologies, including insulin pumps, continuous glucose monitors and sensor-augmented pumps, can assist people achieve better glycaemic control and reduce the risk of severe hypoglycaemia. • Women with T1D can achieve significantly better outcomes during pregnancy and for their infants by planning for their pregnancy and by intensive glycaemic control. • Several trials are underway that seek to identify the determinants of autoimmunity and to develop therapies that prevent T1D in at-risk individuals. • Pancreatic and islet cell transplants are proven therapies, but are only offered to individuals with diabetes and renal failure (pancreas) or severe hypoglycaemia unawareness (islet cell transplants). • Although T1D is still associated with considerable premature mortality, recent findings show that a significant improvement in life expectancy has occurred.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84943224663&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.5694/mja14.01691
DO - 10.5694/mja14.01691
M3 - Article
C2 - 26424063
AN - SCOPUS:84943224663
SN - 0025-729X
VL - 203
SP - 290
EP - 293
JO - The Medical Journal of Australia
JF - The Medical Journal of Australia
IS - 7
ER -