Abstract
Circumbinary planets, those that orbit around both stars of a central binary star system, challenge our understanding of planet formation. With only 12 binary systems known to host circumbinary planets, identifying more of these planets, along with their physical properties, could help to discern some of the physical processes that govern planet formation. Here we analyse radial-velocity data obtained by the HARPS and ESPRESSO spectrographs and report the detection of BEBOP-1 c, a gas giant planet with a mass of 65.2 ± 11.8 Earth masses (M ⊕) orbiting around both stars of an eclipsing binary star system with a period of 215.5 ± 3.3 days. The system TOI-1338, hereafter referred to as BEBOP-1, which also hosts the smaller and inner transiting planet TOI-1338 b, is only the second confirmed multiplanetary circumbinary system. We do not detect TOI-1338 b with radial-velocity data alone, and we can place an upper limit on its mass of 21.8 M ⊕ with 99% confidence. TOI-1338 b is amenable to atmospheric characterization using JWST, so the BEBOP-1 system has the potential to act as a benchmark for circumbinary exo-atmospheric studies.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 702–714 |
| Number of pages | 13 |
| Journal | Nature Astronomy |
| Volume | 7 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 12 Jun 2023 |
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In: Nature Astronomy, Vol. 7, 12.06.2023, p. 702–714.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - Radial-velocity discovery of a second planet in the TOI-1338/BEBOP-1 circumbinary system
AU - Standing, Matthew R.
AU - Sairam, Lalitha
AU - Martin, David V.
AU - Triaud, Amaury H.M.J.
AU - Correia, Alexandre C.M.
AU - Coleman, Gavin A.L.
AU - Baycroft, Thomas A.
AU - Kunovac, Vedad
AU - Boisse, Isabelle
AU - Cameron, Andrew Collier
AU - Dransfield, Georgina
AU - Faria, João P.
AU - Gillon, Michaël
AU - Hara, Nathan C.
AU - Hellier, Coel
AU - Howard, Jonathan
AU - Lane, Ellie
AU - Mardling, Rosemary
AU - Maxted, Pierre F.L.
AU - Miller, Nicola J.
AU - Nelson, Richard P.
AU - Orosz, Jerome A.
AU - Pepe, Franscesco
AU - Santerne, Alexandre
AU - Sebastian, Daniel
AU - Udry, Stéphane
AU - Welsh, William F.
N1 - Funding Information: We would like to thank the ESO staff at La Silla and Paranal for their continued support throughout this work, especially through the COVID-19 pandemic, with special thanks to our ESPRESSO support astronomer M. Wittkowski. We also thank all of the observers who took part in the HARPS timeshare and were instrumental in collecting data for this project. We particularly thank X. Dumusque and F. Bouchy for their work in organizing the timeshare. This Article is based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory under ESO programmes 103.2024, 106.216B, 1101.C-0721 and 106.212H. This research has made use of the services of the ESO Science Archive Facility. A.H.M.J.T. received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 803193/BEBOP) and from the Leverhulme Trust (research project no. RPG-2018-418) to conduct this research. M.R.S. would like to acknowledge the support of the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) under grant number ST/T000295/1. A.C.M.C. acknowledges support from CFisUC (grant nos. UIDB/04564/2020 and UIDP/04564/2020), GRAVITY (grant no. PTDC/FIS-AST/7002/2020), PHOBOS (grant no. POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029932) and ENGAGE SKA (grant no. POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022217), funded by COMPETE 2020 and FCT, Portugal. The stability maps were performed at the OBLIVION Supercomputer (HPC Center − University of Évora), funded by ENGAGE SKA and by the BigData@UE project (grant no. ALT20-03-0246-FEDER-000033). Support for D.V.M. was provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant no. HF2-51464 awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract no. NAS5-26555. D.V.M. is a NASA Sagan Fellow. V.K. acknowledges support from NSF award no. AST2009501. A.S. received funding from the French government under the ‘France 2030’ investment plan managed by the French National Research Agency (reference nos. ANR-16-CONV-000X/ANR-17-EURE-00XX) and from Excellence Initiative of Aix-Marseille University–A*MIDEX (reference no. AMX-21-IET-018). This work was supported by the ‘Programme National de Planétologie’ (PNP) of CNRS/INSU. J.P.F. received support in the form of a work contract funded by national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) with reference no. DL57/2016/CP1364/CT0005. A.C.C. acknowledges support from STFC consolidated grant nos. ST/R000824/1 and ST/V000861/1, and UKSA grant no. ST/R003203/1. M.G. is an FNRS Senior Research Associate. R.P.N. and G.A.L.C. utilized Queen Mary’s Apocrita HPC facility, supported by QMUL Research-IT ( https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.438045 ). This work was performed using the DiRAC Data Intensive service at Leicester, operated by the University of Leicester IT Services, which forms part of the STFC DiRAC HPC Facility ( www.dirac.ac.uk ). The equipment was funded by BEIS capital funding via STFC capital grant nos. ST/K000373/1 and ST/R002363/1 and STFC DiRAC Operations grant no. ST/R001014/1. DiRAC is part of the National e-Infrastructure. Publisher Copyright: © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
PY - 2023/6/12
Y1 - 2023/6/12
N2 - Circumbinary planets, those that orbit around both stars of a central binary star system, challenge our understanding of planet formation. With only 12 binary systems known to host circumbinary planets, identifying more of these planets, along with their physical properties, could help to discern some of the physical processes that govern planet formation. Here we analyse radial-velocity data obtained by the HARPS and ESPRESSO spectrographs and report the detection of BEBOP-1 c, a gas giant planet with a mass of 65.2 ± 11.8 Earth masses (M ⊕) orbiting around both stars of an eclipsing binary star system with a period of 215.5 ± 3.3 days. The system TOI-1338, hereafter referred to as BEBOP-1, which also hosts the smaller and inner transiting planet TOI-1338 b, is only the second confirmed multiplanetary circumbinary system. We do not detect TOI-1338 b with radial-velocity data alone, and we can place an upper limit on its mass of 21.8 M ⊕ with 99% confidence. TOI-1338 b is amenable to atmospheric characterization using JWST, so the BEBOP-1 system has the potential to act as a benchmark for circumbinary exo-atmospheric studies.
AB - Circumbinary planets, those that orbit around both stars of a central binary star system, challenge our understanding of planet formation. With only 12 binary systems known to host circumbinary planets, identifying more of these planets, along with their physical properties, could help to discern some of the physical processes that govern planet formation. Here we analyse radial-velocity data obtained by the HARPS and ESPRESSO spectrographs and report the detection of BEBOP-1 c, a gas giant planet with a mass of 65.2 ± 11.8 Earth masses (M ⊕) orbiting around both stars of an eclipsing binary star system with a period of 215.5 ± 3.3 days. The system TOI-1338, hereafter referred to as BEBOP-1, which also hosts the smaller and inner transiting planet TOI-1338 b, is only the second confirmed multiplanetary circumbinary system. We do not detect TOI-1338 b with radial-velocity data alone, and we can place an upper limit on its mass of 21.8 M ⊕ with 99% confidence. TOI-1338 b is amenable to atmospheric characterization using JWST, so the BEBOP-1 system has the potential to act as a benchmark for circumbinary exo-atmospheric studies.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85161702434&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41550-023-01948-4
DO - 10.1038/s41550-023-01948-4
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85161702434
SN - 2397-3366
VL - 7
SP - 702
EP - 714
JO - Nature Astronomy
JF - Nature Astronomy
ER -