TY - JOUR
T1 - Pro-environmental behaviours and Value-Belief-Norm theory
T2 - Assessing unobserved heterogeneity of two ethnic groups
AU - Ghazali, Ezlika M.
AU - Nguyen, Bang
AU - Mutum, Dilip S.
AU - Yap, Su-Fei
N1 - Funding Information:
Author Contributions: Conceptualisation, E.M.G. and S.-F.Y.; Data curation, E.M.G. and S.-F.Y.; Formal analysis, D.S.M.; Funding acquisition, E.M.G. and D.S.M.; Methodology, E.M.G. and S.-F.Y.; Supervision, B.N.; Validation, D.S.M.; Writing—original draft, E.M.G. and S.-F.Y.; Writing—review & editing, E.M.G. and B.N. Writing—original draft, E.G. and S.-F.Y.; Writing—review & editing, E.G. and B.N. Funding: This study was funded by the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme from the Ministry of Education Malaysia (grant number FRGS/1/2016/SS01/UM/02/5), of which Ezlika M. Ghazali and Dilip S. Mutum were the recipients, and Su-Fei Yap was one of the research students. Open Access publication fees were covered by Bang Nguyenrecipientsfrom the, andUniversitySu-Fei Yap was one of the research stuof Southern Denmark. dents. Open Access publication fees were covered by Bang Nguyen from the University of Southern Denmark. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 by the authors.
PY - 2019/6/2
Y1 - 2019/6/2
N2 - Previous environmental sustainability studies have examined only limited type of pro-environmental behaviour (PEB; e.g., recycling), but have not explored relationships among various types or dimensions of PEBs. This paper explores six types of PEBs (i.e., activist, avoider, green consumer, green passenger, recycler and utility saver) and investigates their antecedents and interrelationships between two ethnic groups-Malays and Chinese in Malaysia. Survey data from 581 respondents, comprising 307 Malays and 274 Chinese, were used to assess the research model. To conduct multi-group analysis, the study used partial least squares structural equation modelling in SmartPLS 3. The study extends the Value-Belief-Norm (VBN) theory by using social norms to predict PEBs. The results suggest that social norms predict each type of PEB, in contrast to other constructs in VBN theory, except for utility-saving behaviours. The findings also reveal some similarities as well as differences between Malays and Chinese, indicating that the two ethnic groups are not homogeneous. The study is the first to simultaneously study six types of PEB and to examine the differences between Malays and Chinese on PEB constructs and offers a valuable contribution to the literature by extending VBN theory to social norms and PEB.
AB - Previous environmental sustainability studies have examined only limited type of pro-environmental behaviour (PEB; e.g., recycling), but have not explored relationships among various types or dimensions of PEBs. This paper explores six types of PEBs (i.e., activist, avoider, green consumer, green passenger, recycler and utility saver) and investigates their antecedents and interrelationships between two ethnic groups-Malays and Chinese in Malaysia. Survey data from 581 respondents, comprising 307 Malays and 274 Chinese, were used to assess the research model. To conduct multi-group analysis, the study used partial least squares structural equation modelling in SmartPLS 3. The study extends the Value-Belief-Norm (VBN) theory by using social norms to predict PEBs. The results suggest that social norms predict each type of PEB, in contrast to other constructs in VBN theory, except for utility-saving behaviours. The findings also reveal some similarities as well as differences between Malays and Chinese, indicating that the two ethnic groups are not homogeneous. The study is the first to simultaneously study six types of PEB and to examine the differences between Malays and Chinese on PEB constructs and offers a valuable contribution to the literature by extending VBN theory to social norms and PEB.
KW - Conscious consumption
KW - Ethnicity
KW - Extended VBN
KW - Multi-group analysis
KW - Pro-environmental behaviours
KW - Social norms
KW - Value-belief-norm
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85069778212
U2 - 10.3390/su11123237
DO - 10.3390/su11123237
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85069778212
SN - 2071-1050
VL - 11
JO - Sustainability
JF - Sustainability
IS - 12
M1 - 3237
ER -
SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy
SDG 12 Responsible Consumption and Production