Polymeric membranes for energy and the environment

Polymeric membrane materials are important for both energy and the environment. We investigated polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cells and for the electrolysis of water to generate hydrogen and oxygen. We have found similar macromolecules that also resist chlorinated disinfectants for reverse osmosis and nanofiltration water purification. Gas separation membranes for separating O₂ from N₂ and air or CO₂ and H₂S from natural gas have been defined. We will attempt to highlight the status, requirements, approaches, and future efforts that are needed. The hydrocarbon based membranes in the acid form are competitive with state-of-the-art perfluoro sulfonic materials. In the salt form, similar materials have been demonstrated to have excellent resistance to chlorinated disinfectants, which degrade state-of-the-art polyamides. Gas separation membranes are of interest, but recent developments with thermally rearranged (TR) systems offer potential for advancements in the flux or permeation of the gases, and the separation ratios.