Planet Formation Imager (PFI): Science vision and key requirements

Stefan Kraus; John D. Monnier; Michael J. Ireland; Gaspard Duchêne; Catherine Espaillat; Sebastian Hönig; Attila Juhasz; Chris Mordasini; Johan Olofsson; Claudia Paladini; Keivan Stassun; Neal Turner; Gautam Vasisht; Tim J. Harries; Matthew R. Bate; Jean François Gonzalez; Alexis Matter; Zhaohuan Zhu; Olja Panic; Zsolt Regaly; Alessandro Morbidelli; Farzana Meru; Sebastian Wolf; John Ilee; Jean Philippe Berger; Ming Zhao; Quentin Kral; Andreas Morlok; Amy Bonsor; David Ciardi; Stephen R. Kane; Kaitlin Kratter; Greg Laughlin; Joshua Pepper; Sean Raymond; Lucas Labadie; Richard P. Nelson; Gerd Weigelt; Theo Ten Brummelaar; Arnaud Pierens; Rene Oudmaijer; Wilhelm Kley; Benjamin Pope; Eric L.N. Jensen; Amelia Bayo; Michael Smith; Tabetha Boyajian; Luis Henry Quiroga-Nuñez; Rafael Millan-Gabet; Andrea Chiavassa; Alexandre Gallenne; Mark Reynolds; Willem Jan De Wit; Markus Wittkowski; Florentin Millour; Poshak Gandhi; Cristina Ramos Almeida; Almudena Alonso Herrero; Chris Packham; Makoto Kishimoto; Konrad R.W. Tristram; Jörg Uwe Pott; Jean Surdej; David Buscher; Chris Haniff; Sylvestre Lacour; Romain Petrov; Steve Ridgway; Peter Tuthill; Gerard Van Belle; Phil Armitage; Clement Baruteau; Myriam Benisty; Bertram Bitsch; Sijme Jan Paardekooper; Christophe Pinte; Frederic Masset; Giovanni Rosotti

doi:10.1117/12.2231067

Planet Formation Imager (PFI): Science vision and key requirements

Stefan Kraus, John D. Monnier, Michael J. Ireland, Gaspard Duchêne, Catherine Espaillat, Sebastian Hönig, Attila Juhasz, Chris Mordasini, Johan Olofsson, Claudia Paladini, Keivan Stassun, Neal Turner, Gautam Vasisht, Tim J. Harries, Matthew R. Bate, Jean François Gonzalez, Alexis Matter, Zhaohuan Zhu, Olja Panic, Zsolt RegalyAlessandro Morbidelli, Farzana Meru, Sebastian Wolf, John Ilee, Jean Philippe Berger, Ming Zhao, Quentin Kral, Andreas Morlok, Amy Bonsor, David Ciardi, Stephen R. Kane, Kaitlin Kratter, Greg Laughlin, Joshua Pepper, Sean Raymond, Lucas Labadie, Richard P. Nelson, Gerd Weigelt, Theo Ten Brummelaar, Arnaud Pierens, Rene Oudmaijer, Wilhelm Kley, Benjamin Pope, Eric L.N. Jensen, Amelia Bayo, Michael Smith, Tabetha Boyajian, Luis Henry Quiroga-Nuñez, Rafael Millan-Gabet, Andrea Chiavassa, Alexandre Gallenne, Mark Reynolds, Willem Jan De Wit, Markus Wittkowski, Florentin Millour, Poshak Gandhi, Cristina Ramos Almeida, Almudena Alonso Herrero, Chris Packham, Makoto Kishimoto, Konrad R.W. Tristram, Jörg Uwe Pott, Jean Surdej, David Buscher, Chris Haniff, Sylvestre Lacour, Romain Petrov, Steve Ridgway, Peter Tuthill, Gerard Van Belle, Phil Armitage, Clement Baruteau, Myriam Benisty, Bertram Bitsch, Sijme Jan Paardekooper, Christophe Pinte, Frederic Masset, Giovanni Rosotti

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Paper › Research › peer-review

8 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The Planet Formation Imager (PFI) project aims to provide a strong scientific vision for ground-based optical astronomy beyond the upcoming generation of Extremely Large Telescopes. We make the case that a breakthrough in angular resolution imaging capabilities is required in order to unravel the processes involved in planet formation. PFI will be optimised to provide a complete census of the protoplanet population at all stellocentric radii and over the age range from 0.1 to ∼100 Myr. Within this age period, planetary systems undergo dramatic changes and the final architecture of planetary systems is determined. Our goal is to study the planetary birth on the natural spatial scale where the material is assembled, which is the "Hill Sphere" of the forming planet, and to characterise the protoplanetary cores by measuring their masses and physical properties. Our science working group has investigated the observational characteristics of these young protoplanets as well as the migration mechanisms that might alter the system architecture. We simulated the imprints that the planets leave in the disk and study how PFI could revolutionise areas ranging from exoplanet to extragalactic science. In this contribution we outline the key science drivers of PFI and discuss the requirements that will guide the technology choices, the site selection, and potential science/technology tradeoffs.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings of SPIE
Subtitle of host publication	Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging VI
Editors	Fabien Malbet, Michelle J Creech-Eakman, Peter G Tuthill
Place of Publication	Bellingham WA USA
Publisher	SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering
Number of pages	12
ISBN (Electronic)	9781510601949
ISBN (Print)	9781510601932
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2231067
Publication status	Published - 11 Nov 2016
Externally published	Yes
Event	Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging 2016 - Edinburgh, United Kingdom Duration: 27 Jun 2016 → 1 Jul 2016 Conference number: 5th https://spie.org/Publications/Proceedings/Volume/9907 (Proceedings)

Publication series

Name	Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Volume	9907
ISSN (Print)	0277-786X
ISSN (Electronic)	1996-756X

Conference

Conference	Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging 2016
Country/Territory	United Kingdom
City	Edinburgh
Period	27/06/16 → 1/07/16
Internet address	https://spie.org/Publications/Proceedings/Volume/9907 (Proceedings)

Keywords

Extrasolar Planets
High Angular Resolution Imaging
Interferometry
Planet Formation
Protoplanetary Disks

Access to Document

10.1117/12.2231067

Cite this

Kraus, S., Monnier, J. D., Ireland, M. J., Duchêne, G., Espaillat, C., Hönig, S., Juhasz, A., Mordasini, C., Olofsson, J., Paladini, C., Stassun, K., Turner, N., Vasisht, G., Harries, T. J., Bate, M. R., Gonzalez, J. F., Matter, A., Zhu, Z., Panic, O., ... Rosotti, G. (2016). Planet Formation Imager (PFI): Science vision and key requirements. In F. Malbet, M. J. Creech-Eakman, & P. G. Tuthill (Eds.), Proceedings of SPIE: Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging VI Article 99071K (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering; Vol. 9907). SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2231067

Kraus, Stefan ; Monnier, John D. ; Ireland, Michael J. et al. / Planet Formation Imager (PFI) : Science vision and key requirements. Proceedings of SPIE: Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging VI. editor / Fabien Malbet ; Michelle J Creech-Eakman ; Peter G Tuthill. Bellingham WA USA : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering, 2016. (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering).

@inproceedings{6964562dff364be4ad7499d34d3e69ae,

title = "Planet Formation Imager (PFI): Science vision and key requirements",

abstract = "The Planet Formation Imager (PFI) project aims to provide a strong scientific vision for ground-based optical astronomy beyond the upcoming generation of Extremely Large Telescopes. We make the case that a breakthrough in angular resolution imaging capabilities is required in order to unravel the processes involved in planet formation. PFI will be optimised to provide a complete census of the protoplanet population at all stellocentric radii and over the age range from 0.1 to ∼100 Myr. Within this age period, planetary systems undergo dramatic changes and the final architecture of planetary systems is determined. Our goal is to study the planetary birth on the natural spatial scale where the material is assembled, which is the {"}Hill Sphere{"} of the forming planet, and to characterise the protoplanetary cores by measuring their masses and physical properties. Our science working group has investigated the observational characteristics of these young protoplanets as well as the migration mechanisms that might alter the system architecture. We simulated the imprints that the planets leave in the disk and study how PFI could revolutionise areas ranging from exoplanet to extragalactic science. In this contribution we outline the key science drivers of PFI and discuss the requirements that will guide the technology choices, the site selection, and potential science/technology tradeoffs.",

keywords = "Extrasolar Planets, High Angular Resolution Imaging, Interferometry, Planet Formation, Protoplanetary Disks",

author = "Stefan Kraus and Monnier, {John D.} and Ireland, {Michael J.} and Gaspard Duch{\^e}ne and Catherine Espaillat and Sebastian H{\"o}nig and Attila Juhasz and Chris Mordasini and Johan Olofsson and Claudia Paladini and Keivan Stassun and Neal Turner and Gautam Vasisht and Harries, {Tim J.} and Bate, {Matthew R.} and Gonzalez, {Jean Fran{\c c}ois} and Alexis Matter and Zhaohuan Zhu and Olja Panic and Zsolt Regaly and Alessandro Morbidelli and Farzana Meru and Sebastian Wolf and John Ilee and Berger, {Jean Philippe} and Ming Zhao and Quentin Kral and Andreas Morlok and Amy Bonsor and David Ciardi and Kane, {Stephen R.} and Kaitlin Kratter and Greg Laughlin and Joshua Pepper and Sean Raymond and Lucas Labadie and Nelson, {Richard P.} and Gerd Weigelt and {Ten Brummelaar}, Theo and Arnaud Pierens and Rene Oudmaijer and Wilhelm Kley and Benjamin Pope and Jensen, {Eric L.N.} and Amelia Bayo and Michael Smith and Tabetha Boyajian and Quiroga-Nu{\~n}ez, {Luis Henry} and Rafael Millan-Gabet and Andrea Chiavassa and Alexandre Gallenne and Mark Reynolds and {De Wit}, {Willem Jan} and Markus Wittkowski and Florentin Millour and Poshak Gandhi and {Ramos Almeida}, Cristina and {Alonso Herrero}, Almudena and Chris Packham and Makoto Kishimoto and Tristram, {Konrad R.W.} and Pott, {J{\"o}rg Uwe} and Jean Surdej and David Buscher and Chris Haniff and Sylvestre Lacour and Romain Petrov and Steve Ridgway and Peter Tuthill and {Van Belle}, Gerard and Phil Armitage and Clement Baruteau and Myriam Benisty and Bertram Bitsch and Paardekooper, {Sijme Jan} and Christophe Pinte and Frederic Masset and Giovanni Rosotti",

year = "2016",

month = nov,

day = "11",

doi = "10.1117/12.2231067",

language = "English",

isbn = "9781510601932",

series = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",

publisher = "SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering",

editor = "Fabien Malbet and Creech-Eakman, {Michelle J} and Tuthill, {Peter G}",

booktitle = "Proceedings of SPIE",

address = "United States of America",

note = "Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging 2016 ; Conference date: 27-06-2016 Through 01-07-2016",

url = "https://spie.org/Publications/Proceedings/Volume/9907",

}

Kraus, S, Monnier, JD, Ireland, MJ, Duchêne, G, Espaillat, C, Hönig, S, Juhasz, A, Mordasini, C, Olofsson, J, Paladini, C, Stassun, K, Turner, N, Vasisht, G, Harries, TJ, Bate, MR, Gonzalez, JF, Matter, A, Zhu, Z, Panic, O, Regaly, Z, Morbidelli, A, Meru, F, Wolf, S, Ilee, J, Berger, JP, Zhao, M, Kral, Q, Morlok, A, Bonsor, A, Ciardi, D, Kane, SR, Kratter, K, Laughlin, G, Pepper, J, Raymond, S, Labadie, L, Nelson, RP, Weigelt, G, Ten Brummelaar, T, Pierens, A, Oudmaijer, R, Kley, W, Pope, B, Jensen, ELN, Bayo, A, Smith, M, Boyajian, T, Quiroga-Nuñez, LH, Millan-Gabet, R, Chiavassa, A, Gallenne, A, Reynolds, M, De Wit, WJ, Wittkowski, M, Millour, F, Gandhi, P, Ramos Almeida, C, Alonso Herrero, A, Packham, C, Kishimoto, M, Tristram, KRW, Pott, JU, Surdej, J, Buscher, D, Haniff, C, Lacour, S, Petrov, R, Ridgway, S, Tuthill, P, Van Belle, G, Armitage, P, Baruteau, C, Benisty, M, Bitsch, B, Paardekooper, SJ, Pinte, C, Masset, F & Rosotti, G 2016, Planet Formation Imager (PFI): Science vision and key requirements. in F Malbet, MJ Creech-Eakman & PG Tuthill (eds), Proceedings of SPIE: Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging VI., 99071K, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, vol. 9907, SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering, Bellingham WA USA, Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging 2016, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 27/06/16. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2231067

Planet Formation Imager (PFI): Science vision and key requirements. / Kraus, Stefan; Monnier, John D.; Ireland, Michael J. et al.
Proceedings of SPIE: Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging VI. ed. / Fabien Malbet; Michelle J Creech-Eakman; Peter G Tuthill. Bellingham WA USA: SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering, 2016. 99071K (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering; Vol. 9907).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Paper › Research › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Planet Formation Imager (PFI)

T2 - Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging 2016

AU - Kraus, Stefan

AU - Monnier, John D.

AU - Ireland, Michael J.

AU - Duchêne, Gaspard

AU - Espaillat, Catherine

AU - Hönig, Sebastian

AU - Juhasz, Attila

AU - Mordasini, Chris

AU - Olofsson, Johan

AU - Paladini, Claudia

AU - Stassun, Keivan

AU - Turner, Neal

AU - Vasisht, Gautam

AU - Harries, Tim J.

AU - Bate, Matthew R.

AU - Gonzalez, Jean François

AU - Matter, Alexis

AU - Zhu, Zhaohuan

AU - Panic, Olja

AU - Regaly, Zsolt

AU - Morbidelli, Alessandro

AU - Meru, Farzana

AU - Wolf, Sebastian

AU - Ilee, John

AU - Berger, Jean Philippe

AU - Zhao, Ming

AU - Kral, Quentin

AU - Morlok, Andreas

AU - Bonsor, Amy

AU - Ciardi, David

AU - Kane, Stephen R.

AU - Kratter, Kaitlin

AU - Laughlin, Greg

AU - Pepper, Joshua

AU - Raymond, Sean

AU - Labadie, Lucas

AU - Nelson, Richard P.

AU - Weigelt, Gerd

AU - Ten Brummelaar, Theo

AU - Pierens, Arnaud

AU - Oudmaijer, Rene

AU - Kley, Wilhelm

AU - Pope, Benjamin

AU - Jensen, Eric L.N.

AU - Bayo, Amelia

AU - Smith, Michael

AU - Boyajian, Tabetha

AU - Quiroga-Nuñez, Luis Henry

AU - Millan-Gabet, Rafael

AU - Chiavassa, Andrea

AU - Gallenne, Alexandre

AU - Reynolds, Mark

AU - De Wit, Willem Jan

AU - Wittkowski, Markus

AU - Millour, Florentin

AU - Gandhi, Poshak

AU - Ramos Almeida, Cristina

AU - Alonso Herrero, Almudena

AU - Packham, Chris

AU - Kishimoto, Makoto

AU - Tristram, Konrad R.W.

AU - Pott, Jörg Uwe

AU - Surdej, Jean

AU - Buscher, David

AU - Haniff, Chris

AU - Lacour, Sylvestre

AU - Petrov, Romain

AU - Ridgway, Steve

AU - Tuthill, Peter

AU - Van Belle, Gerard

AU - Armitage, Phil

AU - Baruteau, Clement

AU - Benisty, Myriam

AU - Bitsch, Bertram

AU - Paardekooper, Sijme Jan

AU - Pinte, Christophe

AU - Masset, Frederic

AU - Rosotti, Giovanni

N1 - Conference code: 5th

PY - 2016/11/11

Y1 - 2016/11/11

N2 - The Planet Formation Imager (PFI) project aims to provide a strong scientific vision for ground-based optical astronomy beyond the upcoming generation of Extremely Large Telescopes. We make the case that a breakthrough in angular resolution imaging capabilities is required in order to unravel the processes involved in planet formation. PFI will be optimised to provide a complete census of the protoplanet population at all stellocentric radii and over the age range from 0.1 to ∼100 Myr. Within this age period, planetary systems undergo dramatic changes and the final architecture of planetary systems is determined. Our goal is to study the planetary birth on the natural spatial scale where the material is assembled, which is the "Hill Sphere" of the forming planet, and to characterise the protoplanetary cores by measuring their masses and physical properties. Our science working group has investigated the observational characteristics of these young protoplanets as well as the migration mechanisms that might alter the system architecture. We simulated the imprints that the planets leave in the disk and study how PFI could revolutionise areas ranging from exoplanet to extragalactic science. In this contribution we outline the key science drivers of PFI and discuss the requirements that will guide the technology choices, the site selection, and potential science/technology tradeoffs.

AB - The Planet Formation Imager (PFI) project aims to provide a strong scientific vision for ground-based optical astronomy beyond the upcoming generation of Extremely Large Telescopes. We make the case that a breakthrough in angular resolution imaging capabilities is required in order to unravel the processes involved in planet formation. PFI will be optimised to provide a complete census of the protoplanet population at all stellocentric radii and over the age range from 0.1 to ∼100 Myr. Within this age period, planetary systems undergo dramatic changes and the final architecture of planetary systems is determined. Our goal is to study the planetary birth on the natural spatial scale where the material is assembled, which is the "Hill Sphere" of the forming planet, and to characterise the protoplanetary cores by measuring their masses and physical properties. Our science working group has investigated the observational characteristics of these young protoplanets as well as the migration mechanisms that might alter the system architecture. We simulated the imprints that the planets leave in the disk and study how PFI could revolutionise areas ranging from exoplanet to extragalactic science. In this contribution we outline the key science drivers of PFI and discuss the requirements that will guide the technology choices, the site selection, and potential science/technology tradeoffs.

KW - Extrasolar Planets

KW - High Angular Resolution Imaging

KW - Interferometry

KW - Planet Formation

KW - Protoplanetary Disks

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U2 - 10.1117/12.2231067

DO - 10.1117/12.2231067

M3 - Conference Paper

AN - SCOPUS:85006847126

SN - 9781510601932

T3 - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

BT - Proceedings of SPIE

A2 - Malbet, Fabien

A2 - Creech-Eakman, Michelle J

A2 - Tuthill, Peter G

PB - SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering

CY - Bellingham WA USA

Y2 - 27 June 2016 through 1 July 2016

ER -

Kraus S, Monnier JD, Ireland MJ, Duchêne G, Espaillat C, Hönig S et al. Planet Formation Imager (PFI): Science vision and key requirements. In Malbet F, Creech-Eakman MJ, Tuthill PG, editors, Proceedings of SPIE: Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging VI. Bellingham WA USA: SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. 2016. 99071K. (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering). doi: 10.1117/12.2231067

Planet Formation Imager (PFI): Science vision and key requirements

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