Parenting Styles and Attention Deficits Hyperactive Disorder Symptoms: Mediating Role of Temperament Traits in Young Adults

Objective: To explore the mediating role of temperament traits in parenting styles and Attention Deficits Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) symptoms in young adults. Study Design: A Cross-sectional research design. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in Lahore from September 2019 to March 2020. Materials and Methods: A sample of 310 university students (men 38%, and women 63%) with the age range of 18-24 were given Demographic Performa, Attention Deficits Hyperactive Symptoms Scale (ADHSS)²¹, Student Temperament Scale (STS)⁴ and My memories of upbringing (EMBU-A).²² Pearson Correlation was used to find the association among parenting styles, ADHD symptoms, and temperament traits and mediation analysis was used to investigate the mediating role of temperament traits between parental overprotection and ADHD symptoms and model 4 was used. The level of significance was taken as p<.05, p<.01 and p<.001. Results: Women were 63% with higher percentage than men 38%. The mean of age was 20.12 years +1.60 SD. Correlation analysis indicate that a significant positive relationship among temperament traits, parental overprotection and ADHD symptoms. Mediation analysis indicate that impulsivity, cautiousness, and apprehension were partially parallel mediated the relationship between parental over-protection and ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: The current study provides empirical evidence that temperament traits mediate the relationship between parental overprotection and ADHD symptoms.