TY - JOUR
T1 - Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in cerebrovascular disease
AU - Chrissobolis, Sophocles
AU - Miller, Alyson Anne
AU - Drummond, Grant Raymond
AU - Kemp-Harper, Barbara Kathryn
AU - Sobey, Christopher G
PY - 2011
Y1 - 2011
N2 - Maintenance of vascular tone by the endothelium involves the production of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO). NO, produced from endothelial nitric oxide synthase diffuses to the underlying smooth muscle to stimulate soluble guanylate cyclase, resulting in increased cyclic GMP levels, and subsequent smooth muscle relaxation and blood vessel dilatation. Endothelial dysfunction, manifested as diminished NO bioavailability, is a common feature of a number of vascular-related diseases.. Oxidative stress can be defined as an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and/or impaired ROS metabolism that favours them being present in excess of physiological levels. Oxidative stress can negatively impact many cell types, including in the vasculature. There is now a wealth of evidence suggesting that oxidative stress is a major cause of endothelial dysfunction in the cerebral circulation. This review will summarize disease models in which both oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction occur in the cerebral circulation, namely hypertension involving angiotensin II (Ang II), diabetes, subarachnoid hemorrhage, stroke and Alzheimer s disease. Molecular mechanisms by which oxidative stress occurs, (eg increased NADPH-oxidase activity) will also be discussed.
AB - Maintenance of vascular tone by the endothelium involves the production of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO). NO, produced from endothelial nitric oxide synthase diffuses to the underlying smooth muscle to stimulate soluble guanylate cyclase, resulting in increased cyclic GMP levels, and subsequent smooth muscle relaxation and blood vessel dilatation. Endothelial dysfunction, manifested as diminished NO bioavailability, is a common feature of a number of vascular-related diseases.. Oxidative stress can be defined as an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and/or impaired ROS metabolism that favours them being present in excess of physiological levels. Oxidative stress can negatively impact many cell types, including in the vasculature. There is now a wealth of evidence suggesting that oxidative stress is a major cause of endothelial dysfunction in the cerebral circulation. This review will summarize disease models in which both oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction occur in the cerebral circulation, namely hypertension involving angiotensin II (Ang II), diabetes, subarachnoid hemorrhage, stroke and Alzheimer s disease. Molecular mechanisms by which oxidative stress occurs, (eg increased NADPH-oxidase activity) will also be discussed.
UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21196259
U2 - 10.2741/3816
DO - 10.2741/3816
M3 - Article
VL - 16
SP - 1733
EP - 1745
JO - Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark
JF - Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark
SN - 2768-6701
ER -