Osteoarthritis year in review 2015: Imaging

Purpose: This narrative review covers original publications related to imaging in osteoarthritis (OA) published in English between 1 April 2014 and 30 April 2015. Novel lessons relating to imaging are described. Methods: An extensive PubMed database search was performed based on, but not limited to the terms "OA" in combination with "Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)", "Imaging", "Radiography", "Ultrasound", "Computed tomography (CT)" and "Nuclear medicine" to extract relevant studies. In vitro data and animal studies were excluded. This review focuses on the new developments and observations based on the aforementioned imaging modalities, as well as a 'whole-organ' approach by presenting findings from different tissues (bone, meniscus, synovium, muscle and fat) and joints (hip, lumbar spine and hand). Results and conclusions: Over the past year, studies using imagine have made a major contribution to the understanding of the pathogenesis of OA. Significant work has continued at the knee, with MRI now being increasingly used to assess structural endpoints in clinical trials. This offers the exciting opportunity to explore potential disease modifying OA therapies. There has been a clear interest in the role of bone in the pathogenesis of OA. There is now a growing body of literature examining the pathogenesis of OA at the hip, lumbar spine and hand. The future of imaging in OA offers the exciting potential to better understand the disease process across all joints and develop more effective preventive and therapeutic interventions.