TY - JOUR
T1 - Opium as a risk factor for upper gastrointestinal cancers
T2 - A population-based case-control study in Iran
AU - Naghibzadeh Tahami, Ahmad
AU - Khanjani, Narges
AU - Yazdi Feyzabadi, Vahid
AU - Varzandeh, Masoomeh
AU - Haghdoost, Ali-Akbar
PY - 2014/1
Y1 - 2014/1
N2 - BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal cancers, including esophageal, gastric, liver and pancreatic are relatively common in Iran. Furthermore, consumption of opium and its derivatives (O&D) are considerable. This study, aimed to examine the association between consumption of O&D and the incidence of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers. METHODS: In a matched case-control study in Kerman (located in southeast of Iran), 142 patients with UGI cancers and 284 healthy people (matched in terms of age, sex and residence (urban/rural)) were recruited. Variables (using O&D, smoking, alcohol use and diet) were collected using a structured questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression models were used to assess the above mentioned association. RESULTS:Opium use was associated with an increased risk of UGI cancers with an adjusted OR 4.0 (95 % CI: 2.2 - 7.0). A very strong dose-response relation was observed between consumption of O&D and the incidence of UGI cancers. (Three consumption levels-none, low and high; OR = 18.7; 95 % CI: 5.5 - 63.3). This dose-response relationship was also strong even in patients with gastric cancers (OR: 9.2; 95 % CI: 2.5 - 33.7). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that opium consumption can be a strong risk factor for UGI cancers in Iran.
AB - BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal cancers, including esophageal, gastric, liver and pancreatic are relatively common in Iran. Furthermore, consumption of opium and its derivatives (O&D) are considerable. This study, aimed to examine the association between consumption of O&D and the incidence of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers. METHODS: In a matched case-control study in Kerman (located in southeast of Iran), 142 patients with UGI cancers and 284 healthy people (matched in terms of age, sex and residence (urban/rural)) were recruited. Variables (using O&D, smoking, alcohol use and diet) were collected using a structured questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression models were used to assess the above mentioned association. RESULTS:Opium use was associated with an increased risk of UGI cancers with an adjusted OR 4.0 (95 % CI: 2.2 - 7.0). A very strong dose-response relation was observed between consumption of O&D and the incidence of UGI cancers. (Three consumption levels-none, low and high; OR = 18.7; 95 % CI: 5.5 - 63.3). This dose-response relationship was also strong even in patients with gastric cancers (OR: 9.2; 95 % CI: 2.5 - 33.7). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that opium consumption can be a strong risk factor for UGI cancers in Iran.
KW - Case-control
KW - Iran
KW - Opium
KW - Risk factors
KW - UGI neoplasms
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84893044189
M3 - Article
C2 - 24444058
AN - SCOPUS:84893044189
SN - 1029-2977
VL - 17
SP - 2
EP - 6
JO - Archives of Iranian Medicine
JF - Archives of Iranian Medicine
IS - 1
ER -
