Abstract
Minimal projective ghost functions make good watermark labels for embedding into images. Although fragile to hacking attacks, they are near-to-invisible because of their distributed, random appearance and their binary, zero-mean statistics. They have the strong correlation properties needed to extract a low-intensity watermark from bright image data. We present a method to embed, concurrently, up to (p-1)/2 independent minimal ghosts within the same pxp image space, where p is prime. Compounding ghosts inside the same pxp space increases, by (p-1)/2, the robustness with which these watermarks can be recovered. This result then approaches the optimal peak correlation result obtainable using 2D perfect or near-perfect sequences. However, unlike perfect sequences, minimal ghosts are simple to construct and compound. A large number of independent compounded minimal ghosts can be generated for each prime p, thus each watermark is sufficiently individual to prevent confusion when multiple labels are present.
Original language | English |
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Title of host publication | 2011 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications |
Editors | Andrew Bradley, Paul Jackway, Yaniv Gal, Olivier Salvado |
Place of Publication | USA |
Publisher | IEEE, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
Pages | 627-632 |
Number of pages | 6 |
Volume | 1 |
ISBN (Print) | 9781457720062 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2011 |
Event | Digital Image Computing Techniques and Applications 2011 - Sheraton Noosa Resort & Spa, Noosa Sunshine Coast, Australia Duration: 6 Dec 2011 → 8 Dec 2011 Conference number: 13th http://dicta2011.aprs.org.au/ https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/conhome/6126167/proceeding (Proceedings) |
Conference
Conference | Digital Image Computing Techniques and Applications 2011 |
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Abbreviated title | DICTA 2011 |
Country/Territory | Australia |
City | Noosa Sunshine Coast |
Period | 6/12/11 → 8/12/11 |
Other | The International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA) is the main Australian Conference on computer vision, image processing, pattern recognition, and related areas. DICTA was established as a biannual conference in 1991 and became an annual event in 2007. It is the premiere conference of the Australian Pattern Recognition Society (APRS). |
Internet address |
Keywords
- discrete projection
- discrete Radon transforms
- image correlations
- Image labelling