Multiscale Modelling of Materials With Strong Dynamic Hysteresis

Manufacturing electrical machines made of cus-tomized materials, such as soft magnetic composites (SMC) is crucial when pursuing higher energy efficiency and minimized amount of material per machine. To computationally obtain accurate designs of such machines, multiscale modelling methods are needed. This paper focuses on modelling SMC materials with strong macroscopic dynamic hysteresis using the finite element method together with a multiscale method. Furthermore, two different methods for modelling the fields in time are utilized, scrutinized and compared: the time-stepping method (TSM) and the multiharmonic method (MHM). As a novel contribution, this paper aims to show that the MHM results into a more stable numerical solver than the TSM, which may suffer from con-vergence problems due to the ill-posed differential permeability observed at the macroscale.