TY - JOUR
T1 - Mortality burden due to long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 above the new WHO air quality guideline based on 296 cities in China
AU - Han, Chunlei
AU - Xu, Rongbin
AU - Ye, Tingting
AU - Xie, Yang
AU - Zhao, Yang
AU - Liu, Haiyun
AU - Yu, Wenhua
AU - Zhang, Yajuan
AU - Li, Shanshan
AU - Zhang, Zhongwen
AU - Ding, Yimin
AU - Han, Kun
AU - Fang, Chang
AU - Ji, Baocheng
AU - Zhai, Wenhui
AU - Guo, Yuming
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by Taishan Scholar Program. CH was supported by Young Outstanding teacher project of Binzhou Medical University, Key project of Social Science Development Fund of Binzhou Medical University. RX was supported by China Scholarship Council (201806010405). SL was supported by an Early Career Fellowship of the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (APP1109193). YG was supported by a Career Development Fellowship of the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (APP1163693). The funding bodies did not play any role in the study design, data collection, data analyses, results interpretation and writing of this manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors
PY - 2022/8
Y1 - 2022/8
N2 - Objective: Quantifying the spatial and socioeconomic variation of mortality burden attributable to particulate matters with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) has important implications for pollution control policy. This study aims to examine the regional and socioeconomic disparities in the mortality burden attributable to long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 in China. Methods: Using data of 296 cities across China from 2015 to 2019, we estimated all-cause mortality (people aged ≥ 16 years) attributable to the long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 above the new WHO air quality guideline (5 µg/m3). Attributed fraction (AF), attributed deaths (AD), attributed mortality rate (AMR) and total value of statistical life lost (VSL) by regional and socioeconomic levels were reported. Results: Over the period of 2015–2019, 17.0% [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.4–25.2] of all-cause mortality were attributable to long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5, corresponding to 1,425.2 thousand deaths (95% CI: 622.4–2,099.6), 103.5/105 (95% CI: 44.9–153.3) AMR, and 1006.9 billion USD (95% CI: 439.8–1483.4) total VSL per year. The AMR decreased from 120.5/105 (95% CI: 52.9–176.6) to 92.7/105 (95% CI:39.9–138.5) from 2015 to 2019. The highest mortality burden was observed in the north region (annual average AF = 24.2%, 95% CI: 10.8–35.1; annual average AMR = 137.0/105, 95% CI: 60.9–198.5). The highest AD and economic loss were observed in the east region (annual average AD = 390.0 thousand persons, 95% CI: 170.3–574.6; annual total VSL = 275.6 billion USD, 95% CI: 120.3–406.0). Highest AMR was in the cities with middle level of GDP per capita (PGDP)/urbanization. The majority of the top ten cities of AF, AMR and VSL were in high and middle PGDP/urbanization regions. Conclusion: There were significant regional and socioeconomic disparities in PM2.5 attributed mortality burden among Chinese cities, suggesting differential mitigation policies are required for different regions in China.
AB - Objective: Quantifying the spatial and socioeconomic variation of mortality burden attributable to particulate matters with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) has important implications for pollution control policy. This study aims to examine the regional and socioeconomic disparities in the mortality burden attributable to long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 in China. Methods: Using data of 296 cities across China from 2015 to 2019, we estimated all-cause mortality (people aged ≥ 16 years) attributable to the long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 above the new WHO air quality guideline (5 µg/m3). Attributed fraction (AF), attributed deaths (AD), attributed mortality rate (AMR) and total value of statistical life lost (VSL) by regional and socioeconomic levels were reported. Results: Over the period of 2015–2019, 17.0% [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.4–25.2] of all-cause mortality were attributable to long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5, corresponding to 1,425.2 thousand deaths (95% CI: 622.4–2,099.6), 103.5/105 (95% CI: 44.9–153.3) AMR, and 1006.9 billion USD (95% CI: 439.8–1483.4) total VSL per year. The AMR decreased from 120.5/105 (95% CI: 52.9–176.6) to 92.7/105 (95% CI:39.9–138.5) from 2015 to 2019. The highest mortality burden was observed in the north region (annual average AF = 24.2%, 95% CI: 10.8–35.1; annual average AMR = 137.0/105, 95% CI: 60.9–198.5). The highest AD and economic loss were observed in the east region (annual average AD = 390.0 thousand persons, 95% CI: 170.3–574.6; annual total VSL = 275.6 billion USD, 95% CI: 120.3–406.0). Highest AMR was in the cities with middle level of GDP per capita (PGDP)/urbanization. The majority of the top ten cities of AF, AMR and VSL were in high and middle PGDP/urbanization regions. Conclusion: There were significant regional and socioeconomic disparities in PM2.5 attributed mortality burden among Chinese cities, suggesting differential mitigation policies are required for different regions in China.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85132750315
U2 - 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107331
DO - 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107331
M3 - Article
C2 - 35728411
AN - SCOPUS:85132750315
SN - 0160-4120
VL - 166
JO - Environment International
JF - Environment International
M1 - 107331
ER -
