Morphomechanical Innovation Drives Explosive Seed Dispersal

Hugo Hofhuis, Derek Moulton, Thomas Lessinnes, Anne Lise Routier-Kierzkowska, Richard J J. Bomphrey, Gabriella Mosca, Hagen Reinhardt, Penny Sarchet, Xiangchao Gan, Miltos Tsiantis, Yiannis Ventikos, Simon Walker, Alain Goriely, Richard Smith, Angela Hay

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleResearchpeer-review

121 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

How mechanical and biological processes are coordinated across cells, tissues, and organs to produce complex traits is a key question in biology. Cardamine hirsuta, a relative of Arabidopsis thaliana, uses an explosive mechanism to disperse its seeds. We show that this trait evolved through morphomechanical innovations at different spatial scales. At the organ scale, tension within the fruit wall generates the elastic energy required for explosion. This tension is produced by differential contraction of fruit wall tissues through an active mechanism involving turgor pressure, cell geometry, and wall properties of the epidermis. Explosive release of this tension is controlled at the cellular scale by asymmetric lignin deposition within endocarp b cells—a striking pattern that is strictly associated with explosive pod shatter across the Brassicaceae plant family. By bridging these different scales, we present an integrated mechanism for explosive seed dispersal that links evolutionary novelty with complex trait innovation.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)222-233
Number of pages12
JournalCell
Volume166
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 30 Jun 2016
Externally publishedYes

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