Molecular and spatial mechanisms governing STING signalling

Katherine R. Balka, Dominic De Nardo

Research output: Contribution to journalReview ArticleResearchpeer-review

33 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Detection of microbial nucleic acids via innate immune receptors is critical for establishing host defence against pathogens. The DNA-sensing cGAS-STING pathway has gained increasing attention in the last decade as a key pathway for combating viral and bacterial infections. cGAS-STING activation primarily promotes the secretion of antiviral type I IFNs via the key transcription factor, IRF3. In addition, cGAS-STING signalling also elicits proinflammatory cytokines through NF-κB activity. Activation of IRF3 and NF-κB is mediated by the chief signalling receptor protein STING. Interestingly, STING undergoes significant trafficking events across multiple subcellular locations, which regulates both the activation of downstream signalling pathways, as well as appropriate termination of the responses. Studies to date have provided a comprehensive view of the regulation and role of the IRF3-IFN pathway downstream of STING. However, many aspects of STING signalling remain relatively poorly defined. This review will explore the current understanding of the mechanisms through which STING elicits inflammatory and antimicrobial responses, focusing on the precise signalling and intracellular trafficking events that occur. We will also discuss exciting and emerging concepts in the field, including the importance of IFN-independent STING responses for host defence and during STING-related disease.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)5504-5529
Number of pages26
JournalThe FEBS Journal
Volume288
Issue number19
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Oct 2021

Keywords

  • cGAS
  • cytokines
  • IKKε
  • innate immunity
  • NF-κB
  • protein trafficking
  • signal transduction
  • STING
  • TBK1
  • type I IFNs

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