Modelling deformation effects in multiple collisions using Collisional-SPH

Multiple collisions of granules on a substrate are encountered in a wide range of applications. In this work, such multiple collisions are analysed using Collisional Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (CSPH) to understand how deformation caused by an impact influences the collision dynamics of subsequent impacts. It is found that the collision dynamics depends on the location of the impact and the deformation of the substrate caused by the preceding impacts. The predictions of three theoretical models are also compared with CSPH to assess the accuracy of the assumptions made by the models. The theoretical model predictions are only found to be useful when the granule repeatedly impacts the same location. Since these models do not simulate the shape change during the substrate deformation they fail to accurately model the cases where multiple impacts occur at different locations.