Medium- and long-term impacts of transit on congestion: Jakarta’s experience

This study marks the first attempt to examine the medium-and long-term effects of the MRT Jakarta opening on congestion. By employing Differences-in-Differences (DiD) models at six months and one-year post-inauguration, this study reveals the dynamic of congestion relief impact. Specifically, six months after opening, no significant impact was observed during the morning peak hour; however, after a year, average delays in treated corridors decreased by nearly 40%. During the evening peak hour, the same treated corridors experienced congestion reductions from 33.6% to 34.9%. In summary, this study provides novel insights into roadway performance dynamics, emphasizing the importance of continuous transit impact monitoring.