Measurement of 19F(p, γ)20Ne reaction suggests CNO breakout in first stars

Liyong Zhang; Jianjun He; Richard J. deBoer; Michael Wiescher; Alexander Heger; Daid Kahl; Jun Su; Daniel Odell; Yinji Chen; Xinyue Li; Jianguo Wang; Long Zhang; Fuqiang Cao; Hao Zhang; Zhicheng Zhang; Xinzhi Jiang; Luohuan Wang; Ziming Li; Luyang Song; Hongwei Zhao; Liangting Sun; Qi Wu; Jiaqing Li; Baoqun Cui; Lihua Chen; Ruigang Ma; Ertao Li; Gang Lian; Yaode Sheng; Zhihong Li; Bing Guo; Xiaohong Zhou; Yuhu Zhang; Hushan Xu; Jianping Cheng; Weiping Liu

doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05230-x

Measurement of ¹⁹F(p, γ)²⁰Ne reaction suggests CNO breakout in first stars

Liyong Zhang
, Jianjun He
, Richard J. deBoer
, Michael Wiescher
, Alexander Heger
, Daid Kahl
, Jun Su
, Daniel Odell
, Yinji Chen
, Xinyue Li
, Jianguo Wang
, Long Zhang
, Fuqiang Cao
, Hao Zhang
, Zhicheng Zhang
, Xinzhi Jiang
, Luohuan Wang
, Ziming Li
, Luyang Song
, Hongwei Zhao

Liangting Sun, Qi Wu, Jiaqing Li, Baoqun Cui, Lihua Chen, Ruigang Ma, Ertao Li, Gang Lian, Yaode Sheng, Zhihong Li, Bing Guo, Xiaohong Zhou, Yuhu Zhang, Hushan Xu, Jianping Cheng, Weiping Liu

School of Physics and Astronomy

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer-review

50 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Proposed mechanisms for the production of calcium in the first stars (population III stars)—primordial stars that formed out of the matter of the Big Bang—are at odds with observations¹. Advanced nuclear burning and supernovae were thought to be the dominant source of the calcium production seen in all stars². Here we suggest a qualitatively different path to calcium production through breakout from the ‘warm’ carbon–nitrogen–oxygen (CNO) cycle through a direct experimental measurement of the ¹⁹F(p, γ)²⁰Ne breakout reaction down to a very low energy point of 186 kiloelectronvolts, reporting a key resonance at 225 kiloelectronvolts. In the domain of astrophysical interest², at around 0.1 gigakelvin, this thermonuclear ¹⁹F(p, γ)²⁰Ne rate is up to a factor of 7.4 larger than the previous recommended rate³. Our stellar models show a stronger breakout during stellar hydrogen burning than previously thought^1,4,5, and may reveal the nature of calcium production in population III stars imprinted on the oldest known ultra-iron-poor star, SMSS0313-6708⁶. Our experimental result was obtained in the China JinPing Underground Laboratory⁷, which offers an environment with an extremely low cosmic-ray-induced background⁸. Our rate showcases the effect that faint population III star supernovae can have on the nucleosynthesis observed in the oldest known stars and first galaxies, which are key mission targets of the James Webb Space Telescope⁹.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	656-660
Number of pages	5
Journal	Nature
Volume	610
Issue number	7933
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05230-x
Publication status	Published - 27 Oct 2022

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10.1038/s41586-022-05230-xLicence: CC BY

Cite this

@article{37bdffad47dc496eb9161b743bfc7bb2,

title = "Measurement of 19F(p, γ)20Ne reaction suggests CNO breakout in first stars",

abstract = "Proposed mechanisms for the production of calcium in the first stars (population III stars)—primordial stars that formed out of the matter of the Big Bang—are at odds with observations1. Advanced nuclear burning and supernovae were thought to be the dominant source of the calcium production seen in all stars2. Here we suggest a qualitatively different path to calcium production through breakout from the {\textquoteleft}warm{\textquoteright} carbon–nitrogen–oxygen (CNO) cycle through a direct experimental measurement of the 19F(p, γ)20Ne breakout reaction down to a very low energy point of 186 kiloelectronvolts, reporting a key resonance at 225 kiloelectronvolts. In the domain of astrophysical interest2, at around 0.1 gigakelvin, this thermonuclear 19F(p, γ)20Ne rate is up to a factor of 7.4 larger than the previous recommended rate3. Our stellar models show a stronger breakout during stellar hydrogen burning than previously thought1,4,5, and may reveal the nature of calcium production in population III stars imprinted on the oldest known ultra-iron-poor star, SMSS0313-67086. Our experimental result was obtained in the China JinPing Underground Laboratory7, which offers an environment with an extremely low cosmic-ray-induced background8. Our rate showcases the effect that faint population III star supernovae can have on the nucleosynthesis observed in the oldest known stars and first galaxies, which are key mission targets of the James Webb Space Telescope9.",

author = "Liyong Zhang and Jianjun He and deBoer, \{Richard J.\} and Michael Wiescher and Alexander Heger and Daid Kahl and Jun Su and Daniel Odell and Yinji Chen and Xinyue Li and Jianguo Wang and Long Zhang and Fuqiang Cao and Hao Zhang and Zhicheng Zhang and Xinzhi Jiang and Luohuan Wang and Ziming Li and Luyang Song and Hongwei Zhao and Liangting Sun and Qi Wu and Jiaqing Li and Baoqun Cui and Lihua Chen and Ruigang Ma and Ertao Li and Gang Lian and Yaode Sheng and Zhihong Li and Bing Guo and Xiaohong Zhou and Yuhu Zhang and Hushan Xu and Jianping Cheng and Weiping Liu",

note = "Funding Information: We thank the staff of the CJPL and Yalong River Hydropower Development Company (N. C. Qi, W. L. Sun, X. Y. Guo, P. Zhang, Y. H. Chen, Y. Zhou, J. F. Zhou, J. R. He, C. S. Shang, M. C. Li) for logistics support. We thank F. Herwig, Y. Sun and S. E. Malek for discussions. We acknowledge support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 11825504, 11490560, 12075027, 12125509). R.J.dB. and M.W. were supported by the NSF through grant no. Phys-2011890. R.J.dB., M.W. and A.H. were supported by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics through grant no. PHY-1430152 (JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements). A.H. was supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence (CoE) for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav) through project number CE170100004, by the ARC CoE for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D) through project number CE170100013. D.K. acknowledges the support of the Romanian Ministry of Research and Innovation under research contract 10N/PN 19 06 01 05. D.O. was supported by the NSF through grant no. OAC-2004601. Funding Information: We thank the staff of the CJPL and Yalong River Hydropower Development Company (N. C. Qi, W. L. Sun, X. Y. Guo, P. Zhang, Y. H. Chen, Y. Zhou, J. F. Zhou, J. R. He, C. S. Shang, M. C. Li) for logistics support. We thank F. Herwig, Y. Sun and S. E. Malek for discussions. We acknowledge support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 11825504, 11490560, 12075027, 12125509). R.J.dB. and M.W. were supported by the NSF through grant no. Phys-2011890. R.J.dB., M.W. and A.H. were supported by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics through grant no. PHY-1430152 (JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements). A.H. was supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence (CoE) for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav) through project number CE170100004, by the ARC CoE for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D) through project number CE170100013. D.K. acknowledges the support of the Romanian Ministry of Research and Innovation under research contract 10N/PN 19 06 01 05. D.O. was supported by the NSF through grant no. OAC-2004601. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.",

year = "2022",

month = oct,

day = "27",

doi = "10.1038/s41586-022-05230-x",

language = "English",

volume = "610",

pages = "656--660",

journal = "Nature",

issn = "0028-0836",

publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",

number = "7933",

}

Zhang, L, He, J, deBoer, RJ, Wiescher, M, Heger, A, Kahl, D, Su, J, Odell, D, Chen, Y, Li, X, Wang, J, Zhang, L, Cao, F, Zhang, H, Zhang, Z, Jiang, X, Wang, L, Li, Z, Song, L, Zhao, H, Sun, L, Wu, Q, Li, J, Cui, B, Chen, L, Ma, R, Li, E, Lian, G, Sheng, Y, Li, Z, Guo, B, Zhou, X, Zhang, Y, Xu, H, Cheng, J & Liu, W 2022, 'Measurement of ¹⁹F(p, γ)²⁰Ne reaction suggests CNO breakout in first stars', Nature, vol. 610, no. 7933, pp. 656-660. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05230-x

TY - JOUR

T1 - Measurement of 19F(p, γ)20Ne reaction suggests CNO breakout in first stars

AU - Zhang, Liyong

AU - He, Jianjun

AU - deBoer, Richard J.

AU - Wiescher, Michael

AU - Heger, Alexander

AU - Kahl, Daid

AU - Su, Jun

AU - Odell, Daniel

AU - Chen, Yinji

AU - Li, Xinyue

AU - Wang, Jianguo

AU - Zhang, Long

AU - Cao, Fuqiang

AU - Zhang, Hao

AU - Zhang, Zhicheng

AU - Jiang, Xinzhi

AU - Wang, Luohuan

AU - Li, Ziming

AU - Song, Luyang

AU - Zhao, Hongwei

AU - Sun, Liangting

AU - Wu, Qi

AU - Li, Jiaqing

AU - Cui, Baoqun

AU - Chen, Lihua

AU - Ma, Ruigang

AU - Li, Ertao

AU - Lian, Gang

AU - Sheng, Yaode

AU - Li, Zhihong

AU - Guo, Bing

AU - Zhou, Xiaohong

AU - Zhang, Yuhu

AU - Xu, Hushan

AU - Cheng, Jianping

AU - Liu, Weiping

N1 - Funding Information: We thank the staff of the CJPL and Yalong River Hydropower Development Company (N. C. Qi, W. L. Sun, X. Y. Guo, P. Zhang, Y. H. Chen, Y. Zhou, J. F. Zhou, J. R. He, C. S. Shang, M. C. Li) for logistics support. We thank F. Herwig, Y. Sun and S. E. Malek for discussions. We acknowledge support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 11825504, 11490560, 12075027, 12125509). R.J.dB. and M.W. were supported by the NSF through grant no. Phys-2011890. R.J.dB., M.W. and A.H. were supported by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics through grant no. PHY-1430152 (JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements). A.H. was supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence (CoE) for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav) through project number CE170100004, by the ARC CoE for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D) through project number CE170100013. D.K. acknowledges the support of the Romanian Ministry of Research and Innovation under research contract 10N/PN 19 06 01 05. D.O. was supported by the NSF through grant no. OAC-2004601. Funding Information: We thank the staff of the CJPL and Yalong River Hydropower Development Company (N. C. Qi, W. L. Sun, X. Y. Guo, P. Zhang, Y. H. Chen, Y. Zhou, J. F. Zhou, J. R. He, C. S. Shang, M. C. Li) for logistics support. We thank F. Herwig, Y. Sun and S. E. Malek for discussions. We acknowledge support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 11825504, 11490560, 12075027, 12125509). R.J.dB. and M.W. were supported by the NSF through grant no. Phys-2011890. R.J.dB., M.W. and A.H. were supported by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics through grant no. PHY-1430152 (JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements). A.H. was supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence (CoE) for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav) through project number CE170100004, by the ARC CoE for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D) through project number CE170100013. D.K. acknowledges the support of the Romanian Ministry of Research and Innovation under research contract 10N/PN 19 06 01 05. D.O. was supported by the NSF through grant no. OAC-2004601. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

PY - 2022/10/27

Y1 - 2022/10/27

N2 - Proposed mechanisms for the production of calcium in the first stars (population III stars)—primordial stars that formed out of the matter of the Big Bang—are at odds with observations1. Advanced nuclear burning and supernovae were thought to be the dominant source of the calcium production seen in all stars2. Here we suggest a qualitatively different path to calcium production through breakout from the ‘warm’ carbon–nitrogen–oxygen (CNO) cycle through a direct experimental measurement of the 19F(p, γ)20Ne breakout reaction down to a very low energy point of 186 kiloelectronvolts, reporting a key resonance at 225 kiloelectronvolts. In the domain of astrophysical interest2, at around 0.1 gigakelvin, this thermonuclear 19F(p, γ)20Ne rate is up to a factor of 7.4 larger than the previous recommended rate3. Our stellar models show a stronger breakout during stellar hydrogen burning than previously thought1,4,5, and may reveal the nature of calcium production in population III stars imprinted on the oldest known ultra-iron-poor star, SMSS0313-67086. Our experimental result was obtained in the China JinPing Underground Laboratory7, which offers an environment with an extremely low cosmic-ray-induced background8. Our rate showcases the effect that faint population III star supernovae can have on the nucleosynthesis observed in the oldest known stars and first galaxies, which are key mission targets of the James Webb Space Telescope9.

AB - Proposed mechanisms for the production of calcium in the first stars (population III stars)—primordial stars that formed out of the matter of the Big Bang—are at odds with observations1. Advanced nuclear burning and supernovae were thought to be the dominant source of the calcium production seen in all stars2. Here we suggest a qualitatively different path to calcium production through breakout from the ‘warm’ carbon–nitrogen–oxygen (CNO) cycle through a direct experimental measurement of the 19F(p, γ)20Ne breakout reaction down to a very low energy point of 186 kiloelectronvolts, reporting a key resonance at 225 kiloelectronvolts. In the domain of astrophysical interest2, at around 0.1 gigakelvin, this thermonuclear 19F(p, γ)20Ne rate is up to a factor of 7.4 larger than the previous recommended rate3. Our stellar models show a stronger breakout during stellar hydrogen burning than previously thought1,4,5, and may reveal the nature of calcium production in population III stars imprinted on the oldest known ultra-iron-poor star, SMSS0313-67086. Our experimental result was obtained in the China JinPing Underground Laboratory7, which offers an environment with an extremely low cosmic-ray-induced background8. Our rate showcases the effect that faint population III star supernovae can have on the nucleosynthesis observed in the oldest known stars and first galaxies, which are key mission targets of the James Webb Space Telescope9.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85140574700

U2 - 10.1038/s41586-022-05230-x

DO - 10.1038/s41586-022-05230-x

M3 - Article

C2 - 36289385

AN - SCOPUS:85140574700

SN - 0028-0836

VL - 610

SP - 656

EP - 660

JO - Nature

JF - Nature

IS - 7933

ER -

Measurement of ¹⁹F(p, γ)²⁰Ne reaction suggests CNO breakout in first stars

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ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery

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Measurement of 19F(p, γ)20Ne reaction suggests CNO breakout in first stars

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ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions

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Cite this

Measurement of ¹⁹F(p, γ)²⁰Ne reaction suggests CNO breakout in first stars