TY - JOUR
T1 - Measurement of stress-induced sympathetic nervous activity using multi-wavelength PPG
AU - Udhayakumar, Radhagayathri
AU - Rahman, Saifur
AU - Buxi, Dilpreet
AU - Macefield, Vaughan G.
AU - Dawood, Tye
AU - Mellor, Nicholas
AU - Karmakar, Chandan
N1 - Funding Information:
The data collection part of this study was funded by the Medical Device Partnering Program and LaunchVic. The data analysis part of this study was funded by Philia Labs Pty Ltd. Acknowledgements
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors.
PY - 2023/8/30
Y1 - 2023/8/30
N2 - The onset of stress triggers sympathetic arousal (SA), which causes detectable changes to physiological parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure, dilation of the pupils and sweat release. The objective quantification of SA has tremendous potential to prevent and manage psychological disorders. Photoplethysmography (PPG), a non-invasive method to measure skin blood flow changes, has been used to estimate SA indirectly. However, the impact of various wavelengths of the PPG signal has not been investigated for estimating SA. In this study, we explore the feasibility of using various statistical and nonlinear features derived from peak-to-peak (AC) values of PPG signals of different wavelengths (green, blue, infrared and red) to estimate stress-induced changes in SA and compare their performances. The impact of two physical stressors: and Hand Grip are studied on 32 healthy individuals. Linear (Mean, s.d.) and nonlinear (Katz, Petrosian, Higuchi, SampEn, TotalSampEn) features are extracted from the PPG signal's AC amplitudes to identify the onset, continuation and recovery phases of those stressors. The results show that the nonlinear features are the most promising in detecting stress-induced sympathetic activity. TotalSampEn feature was capable of detecting stress-induced changes in SA for all wavelengths, whereas other features (Petrosian, AvgSampEn) are significant (AUC ≥ 0.8) only for IR and Red wavelengths. The outcomes of this study can be used to make device design decisions as well as develop stress detection algorithms.
AB - The onset of stress triggers sympathetic arousal (SA), which causes detectable changes to physiological parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure, dilation of the pupils and sweat release. The objective quantification of SA has tremendous potential to prevent and manage psychological disorders. Photoplethysmography (PPG), a non-invasive method to measure skin blood flow changes, has been used to estimate SA indirectly. However, the impact of various wavelengths of the PPG signal has not been investigated for estimating SA. In this study, we explore the feasibility of using various statistical and nonlinear features derived from peak-to-peak (AC) values of PPG signals of different wavelengths (green, blue, infrared and red) to estimate stress-induced changes in SA and compare their performances. The impact of two physical stressors: and Hand Grip are studied on 32 healthy individuals. Linear (Mean, s.d.) and nonlinear (Katz, Petrosian, Higuchi, SampEn, TotalSampEn) features are extracted from the PPG signal's AC amplitudes to identify the onset, continuation and recovery phases of those stressors. The results show that the nonlinear features are the most promising in detecting stress-induced sympathetic activity. TotalSampEn feature was capable of detecting stress-induced changes in SA for all wavelengths, whereas other features (Petrosian, AvgSampEn) are significant (AUC ≥ 0.8) only for IR and Red wavelengths. The outcomes of this study can be used to make device design decisions as well as develop stress detection algorithms.
KW - AC amplitude
KW - Cold Pressor
KW - entropy
KW - Hand Grip exercise
KW - PPG
KW - sympathetic arousal
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85171971408&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1098/rsos.221382
DO - 10.1098/rsos.221382
M3 - Article
C2 - 37650068
AN - SCOPUS:85171971408
SN - 2054-5703
VL - 10
JO - Royal Society Open Science
JF - Royal Society Open Science
IS - 8
M1 - 221382
ER -